Effective mosquito repellents are essential for enjoying the outdoors.
Mosquito repellents come in many forms, and myths abound concerning home remedies that claim to drive away the bothersome insects. Mosquitoes are first attracted by the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals and humans. Once mosquitoes fly closer, body heat guides them onward until their intended prey is sighted. Body odor, perfume and scented lotions also guide the insects toward their next meal. Repelling mosquitoes effectively is important for the enjoyment of outdoor summer activities. Does this Spark an idea?
DEET
Repellents containing N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide or DEET, have been on the market for over 40 years. When used according to package directions, DEET is a safe, effective chemical repellent for most. As with any chemical, DEET should be avoided by pregnant women and very young children. The percentage of DEET in a product is found on the product's label. Higher concentrations provide a longer period of protection, but formulations containing greater than 30 percent DEET are not recommended.
Protecting Infants and Young Children
The best protection for infants and toddlers is to keep exposed skin covered by loose fitting, light colored clothing. Strollers and buggies may be covered in mosquito netting to keep biting insects at bay. DEET at concentrations of less than 10 percent may be used for children over 6 months of age. Citronella and lemon eucalyptus oils are not recommended for children under 3. A 2 percent solution of soybean oil can protect children and adults of any age for 1 to 4 hours.
Debunking Myths
No scientific studies have been done to support the belief that wiping the skin with fabric softener sheets will repel mosquitoes or that eating garlic will keep mosquitoes away. Similarly, vitamin B1 is an untested repellent. According to Health Canada, citronella oil offers protection for less than 1 hour, and candles containing citronella only work in calm conditions and at very close range. The Citrus County Mosquito Control District of Florida reports that there are no known plants that protect against mosquitoes.
Electronic Devices
A study done by the University of Florida in 1997 found that bug zappers kill a great number of insects in a 24-hour period, but only 6.4 percent of a five-day insect catch were mosquitoes and only 3.5 percent were the female, biting insects. High frequency sounds have not been proven to deter mosquitoes. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission and the American College of Physicians both cite studies that prove the inefficacy of devices using this technology.
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