Check A Thermistor In An Rv Refrigerator

When an RV fridge starts to generate excess frost and turns the milk into popsicles, it is time to check the thermistor. A thermistor is a resistance-based temperature sensor and testing its accuracy is the first step toward determining whether the problem lies here, or elsewhere. Thermistor failure is a common issue in RV refrigerators and generally causes the temperature to fall too low. Fortunately, replacement thermistors are relatively inexpensive and repair manuals are available online.

Instructions

Prepare to Check the Thermistor

1. Check the resistance range for your model of fridge. The best value to reference is the resistance range for about freezing. (As the thermistor gets colder, resistance increases, and vice versa.)

2. Read instructions on where to find the thermistor and reach its connection end.

3. Locate the thermistor. The sensor part of the thermistor is typically clipped onto one of the cooling fins at the back of the refrigerator, but the connection end is found elsewhere. In many fridges that may be behind the eyebrow board, the panel with indicator lights and switches found somewhere toward the top of a fridge.

4. Disconnect the thermistor. Each fridge model is different. An example procedure involves opening the main fridge or freezer door, unscrewing the eyebrow board, pulling the board forward and disconnecting the thermistor cable.

Check the Thermistor

5. Attach an ohmmeter to the thermistor wires. You can pick up inexpensive ohmmeters at most hardware stores. Either of the ohmmeter's two connections can be attached to either of the thermistor's two connections.

6. Ohmmeters measure resistance; multi-meters may measure voltage, resistance and current. Use the portion of the dial marked for resistance (it will most likely have an omega symbol to denote ohms). Turn the dial until it shows the scale that gives the largest number of significant digits.

7. Check the ohmmeter screen for measured resistance. Compare to the given range for that particular model of fridge.

8. If the thermistor measures in the specified range, it is not faulty and the problem lies elsewhere. If it does not, it is time to replace the thermistor.

Tags: Check Thermistor, eyebrow board, model fridge, problem lies, resistance range

Stealth Virus Symptoms

Viruses are infection-causing agents that multiply within cells. While this is the general definition for any virus, in the case of stealth viruses, the ability of the cell to recognize the antigen, or the healing agent, is lost. This results in progressive degeneration of the cells. As of 2009, the Center for Complex Infectioius Diseases (CCID) reports that some doctors believe stealth virus may be present in the cells of all potentially self-destroying diseases.

Effects of Stealth Virus

Stealth viruses predominantly, but not always, affect the brain. They cause a wide array of progressively degenerative neurological, allergic, neoplastic, auto immune and psychiatric illnesses. Emerging Worlds.com reports that doctors believe stealth viruses may also be involved in the growth of cancer cells.

Diseases

Stealth cells are primarily identified in a vast range of diseases that are characterized by the degeneration of brain cells. These diseases include multiple sclerosis, autism, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression and attention deficit disorder.

Symptoms

Given the wide gamut of diseases stealth viruses may cause, it is difficult to identify a single set of symptoms associated with the viruses. Identifying or diagnosing stealth cells is challenging not only because they are atypical, but also because they can escape detection by standard medical tests such as blood tests. Moreover, stealth viruses are of totally unrelated origins, and can mutate unpredictably.

Stealth virus symptoms, depending on the strain of the virus, can include depression, chronic fatigue, memory loss, brain dysfunction, mysterious seizures, developmental delays and cognitive difficulty. These symptoms can be anywhere from very mild to moderate to very severe.

Diagnosis

Detailed neurological tests must be conducted to zero in on the virus, due to its unpredictable nature. Other diagnosis methods include EEG, SPECT scans and neuro-cognitive assessments.

Treatment

Since stealth viruses are extremely heterogeneous and disparate by their nature, a precisely defined set of treatment options are not available. Any treatment is usually aimed at first inhibiting the growth of these viruses, and then stimulating normal cell metabolism.

Both these treatments must be specific to the strain of the virus, and often have to supplement treatments that are administered to address the symptoms of the disease. The CCID suggests that certain chemokines may be effective at treating some types of cell viruses, however, more research is required before this is accepted as a standard line of treatment for stealth viruses.

Tags: stealth viruses, because they, believe stealth, doctors believe, doctors believe stealth

Keep A Small Fish Pond Clean

Like any home aquarium, fish ponds need to be clean in order to be attractive and to keep your fish healthy, which can be more difficult in an outdoor pond environment than a common fish tank, primarily because of the vast size difference. However, there are tips and methods to keepyour small fish pond clean without having to manually clean out dirt and debris every other day.

Instructions

Keeping a Pond Clean

1. Put the open end of the hose underneath the water to start a siphon and drain about one quarter of the water from the pond.

2. Refill the pond with fresh water, making sure it is a similar temperature to the existing water.

3. Add the proper amount of dechlorinator to alleviate chlorine in your pond.

4. Install a canister filter, which is an external filter that sits around the pond and takes in water using one tube, filters it, then expels it back into the pond with another tube. Installation techniques vary, so consult the filter's user manual.

5. Place a bundle of barley straw in your pond in the area with the most water flow-near the filter or a waterfall. As the barley decomposes, it will release a chemical which prevents algae, a growth that dirties your pond.

6. Cover about a third of the pond's surface with water lilies, which block sunlight and absorb nutrients that algae would otherwise use, killing them.

7. Repeat these steps, minus the filter installation, about once a week.

8. Change the canister filter's filter cartridge about once a month

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Disease Carrying Insects List

Mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting several diseases.

Insect-borne illness poses a serious threat to human health and is a major cause of disease-related death around the world. Many common insects carry parasitic diseases that can be directly passed to humans or pets, and there are few immunizations in place to prevent infection. Limiting contact with disease-carrying insects is the key to avoiding potentially life-threatening illness, whether at home or abroad.

Mosquito

During the past 170 million years, mosquitoes (Anopheles) have evolved in nearly every part of the globe. There are more than 175 species of mosquito in the United States, according to Web MD, each having the potential to deliver harmful diseases and parasites to humans. Mosquitoes most famously carry malaria, which causes more than 3 million deaths annually around the world, although cases in the United States are rare. In addition to malaria, mosquitoes carry dengue fever, encephalitis, West Nile virus and yellow fever. West Nile virus has become a serious health concern in the United States in recent years, afflicting horses and humans with a flu-like illness and accompanying rash.

Ticks

Ticks are common vectors for Lyme disease, typhus and tick-borne encephalitis. Deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis) are tiny insects, barely larger than a speck of black pepper. Once engorged with blood, deer ticks become more easily visible. Deer ticks are the key species in the transmission of Lyme disease, which they transmit primarily in late spring and early summer. Lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum), typically found in the southeastern United States, are named for a distinctive pale marking on their back. They are known carriers of Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis, although cases of the latter are rare.

Tsetse Fly

Tsetse flies (Glossina) are large biting flies found throughout northern and sub-Saharan Africa. Although they strongly resemble the common housefly, they are identifiable by their large proboscis and overlapping wings. They are the key vector for human sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis), which is a parasitic disease characterized by itching, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, neurological symptoms and progressive death. Tsetse flies pose a major risk for people living in Africa, infecting approximately 70,000 people annually, according to the World Health Organization.

Sand Fly

Sand flies (Phlebotomus) are found throughout the world, congregating near bodies of salt and fresh water. They are small flying insects that are known colloquially as "no-see-ums." They carry the disease leishmaniasis, which is a progressive infection of the skin or internal organs. There are approximately 1.5 million new cases of cutaneous (occurring on the skin) and 500,000 cases of visceral (internal organ) leishmaniasis diagnosed each year around the world, according to the Centers for Disease Control. It is difficult to prevent sand fly bites due to their large numbers, but common insect repellent is effective in reducing the likelihood of bites.

Tags: United States, around world, Lyme disease, although cases, Deer ticks

Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Many cases of viral encephalitis are mild and mimic the flu. People with mild encephalitis will likely never know they had the disease. However, encephalitis can change very rapidly, suddenly becoming a serious and life-threatening illness. This makes it important to seek treatment as soon as you suspect a problem.

Definition

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by a viral infection. When there is a viral infection directly in the brain and spinal cord it is called primary encephalitis. If the infection begins somewhere else in the body and spreads to the brain it is called secondary encephalitis.

Symptoms

Many people have symptoms that are mild and resemble the flu, and they get better in a reasonable period of time. These mild symptoms may include joint pain, fever, lethargy, and headache. Symptoms such as tremors, rash, and double vision indicate an illness that's potentially more serious. If seizures, muscle weakness, loss of sensation, confusion, personality changes, loss of consciousness, or hallucinations appear then medical help should be sought immediately. A state of emergency for infants exists if their crying is inconsolable, they're vomiting, show body stiffness, or if the soft spots in their skull are bulging.

Causes

Viral encephalitis can be caused by the same herpes simplex virus that causes fever blisters around the mouth and sores in the genital area. The herpes virus that causes chickenpox and the Epstein-Barr virus that causes mononucleosis can also result in a mild case of encephalitis. Arboviruses spread by mosquitoes and ticks are another source of viral encephalitis. The most well-known example is West Nile encephalitis, which is transmitted by a mosquito bite.

Treatment

If the encephalitis is mild treatment is the same as that for the flu: Rest, drink plenty of fluids, and use acetaminophen to relieve aches and fever. Treatment for more serious viral infections is a challenge because, unlike bacterial infections, there aren't any medications or antibiotics to cure a viral infection. Hospitalization may be necessary so that fluids and pain medications can be given intravenously. Other medications that may be prescribed include corticosteroids to relieve swelling and pressure in the skull and anticonvulsant medications to prevent seizures.

The exception to this standard treatment is encephalitis caused by a herpes virus. This form can rapidly progress into a potentially life-threatening disease but this virus usually responds to antiviral medications such as acyclovir. If the herpes does not respond to acyclovir, another antiviral medication called Foscarnet may be tried.

Complications

A person with severe encephalitis can stop breathing, go into a coma, and die. Recovery from a severe case is also difficult. Patients may face a whole year challenged by fatigue, depression, memory difficulties, and personality changes. Even worse, some complications such as memory loss, lack of muscle coordination, difficulty speaking, hearing and vision problems may be permanent.

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Use Insect Foggers

Insect foggers are pressurized poisons in cans that emit noxious fog throughout a closed environment to kill insects. Foggers can be used in apartments, houses, mobile homes and business buildings. Using an insect fogger isn't a particularly difficult task, but it requires attention to safety and common sense. Knowing use an insect fogger in your home gives you the ability to get rid of a nasty bug infestation such as cockroaches.

Instructions

1. Open all your drawers, cabinets, and other closed areas throughout the room or area you are fogging. This assures that the fog poison reaches all areas to kill bugs. Turn off fans, air conditioners, and other devices that move air around the home. Close any windows leading to the outside. The air must be contained within the room or area.

2. Remove any pets from your home. The poison of an insect fogger is enough to kill a human being, much less a pet bird, fish, dog or cat. Turn off any pilot lights that stay lit in the home, and turn off the gas as well. Foggers are flammable, so an open flame could cause an explosion or fire.

3. Place the insect fogger in the center of the largest room of the home, or in the center of the room you are fogging. The fogger can be on the floor or elevated on a chair or table.

4. Twist the fogger can so the dispensing orifice is aimed away from you. Pull upward on the plastic tab to break the seal. The tab is much like a tab found on a plastic milk jug.

5. Push down firmly on the top center of the can to activate the fogger. Leave the room immediately.

6. Lock up the home and leave it for at least four hours. However, an eight-hour day is the ideal time to assure the fogger has done its job. When you return, open all the doors and windows in the house, and let it air out at least 30 minutes before you enter.

Tags: insect fogger, room area, your home

Diy Baking Soda Spray For The Garden

Modern beans are resistant to most plant diseases.

Cutworms, cabbage worms, beetles and gnats are just a few of the pests that can harm your garden. Another common problem in the garden is fungus, particularly powdery mildew, a plant disease that produces grayish-white spots that resemble powder. While a pesticide spray may be used to rid your garden of these problems, a healthier, environmentally friendly option would be to use a home remedy made with baking soda. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Fill a spray bottle with 1 qt. of hot tap water. The water temperature needs to be hot in order to dissolve the baking soda.

2. Pour 1 tbsp. of baking soda into the spray bottle containing the hot water.

3. Measure 1 tsp. of liquid dishwashing soap, and add it to the baking soda and water mixture. The dish washing soap is important to include because it will help the baking soda and water stick to the plant leaves and flower petals.

4. Close the spray bottle. Be sure the spray bottle cap is on tightly. Shake vigorously to ensure the baking soda, soap and water are mixed well.

5. Spray each plant in your garden once every two weeks with the baking soda mixture to keep your garden free of harmful insects like mealy bugs and aphids, as well as fungi such as powdery mildew and black spot.

Tags: baking soda, spray bottle, your garden, baking soda water, powdery mildew, soda water

Digimon Ds Games

"

Digimon," short for "digital monsters," is a media franchise that spans television, comics, toys and video games. Nintendo has released several role-playing games for their handheld DS game system. The "digi" prefix is applied to almost every aspect of the games, from digitraining your monsters to feeding them digifood and raising them on a digifarm. While the depth of the plot differs in each game, the basic "catch, train, battle" motto applies to all.

"Digimon World DS"

"Digimon World DS" was the first Digimon game released for the Nintendo DS, appearing in North America on November 14, 2006. The storyline puts you in the shoes of a researcher who is literally sucked through his computer into the world of Digimon. A quick tutorial teaches you the basics of the game and its controls, including exploring the world, caring for your Digimon and combat. Throughout the game, you find, train and fight over 300 unique Digimon. You can give them weapons and equipment to help them in battle.

"Digimon World Dawn" and "Digimon World Dusk"

"Digimon World Dawn" and "Digimon World Dusk" were released simultaneously for the DS on September 18, 2007. The plot revolves around a virus that has damaged access points to the Digital World. The two factions blame each other for the virus. Each game tells the story of one side, and players take control of a rookie trainer for Light Fang in "Dawn" and for Night Crow in "Dusk." Minor plot points differ between the two versions, but the main storyline is the same in each. You can train over 400 unique Digimon, and each game features a few Digimon not present in the other version.

"Digimon World Championship"

This game is the fourth in the Nintendo DS series, released on August 26, 2008. "Digimon World Championship" has no storyline like the previous titles -- you simply take control of an unseen Digimon tamer and enter a Digimon battle tournament. You take care of your existing Digimon, training them and taking care of them as you search the world for more. Your ultimate goal is to assemble an unbeatable team of Digimon and battle in more than 50 competitions as you try to win the Digimon World Championship.

"Digimon Story: Lost Evolution"

"Digimon Story: Lost Evolution" was released on July 1, 2010, exclusively in Japan. Digimon have been disappearing from the Digital World as an evil group of trainers slowly takes control. An Agumon Digimon sets out into the real world to find a trainer to help battle the evil group. You must collect Bug Plates to repair the broken evolutionary trees so the Digimon can digivolve again. Game play in "Digimon Story" has changed from previous versions. Game creators have split plant and insect Digimon into unique types and revamped the experience system.

Tags: Digimon World, Digimon Story, Digimon World Championship, World Championship, Dawn Digimon

Apply Sulfur To Lawn Chiggers

Protect your lawn -- and your skin -- from chiggers by using sulfur.

Lawn chiggers are the larvae of mites -- specifically of the Trombiculidae family. When in their larvae stage, the chiggers feed on the skin of humans and animals. These tiny bite marks look like small, red welts that typically cover the softer areas of skin like the stomach, arms and backs of the knees. Because they are so small, most people only realize they have an infestation when they notice the bite marks on their body. Although you can thoroughly wash your clothing and sheets to rid your body and home of chiggers, that won't help the fact that your lawn is infested. To get rid of chiggers altogether, you'll have to treat your lawn with sulfur. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Mow your lawn and pull weeds on a regular basis as chiggers live in overgrown grass and weeds.

2. Fill a pillowcase halfway with powdered sulfur.

3. Tie the top of the pillowcase in a knot.

4. Drag the pillowcase through your grass in a row-like pattern. The fine powder escaping through the pillowcase will provide a light dusting of sulfur -- just enough to repel and kill the chiggers but not enough to ruin or kill your grass.

5. Repeat in the spring, fall and any time you notice you have chigger bites.

Tags: your lawn, bite marks, your grass

Troubleshoot A Bug Zapper

Troubleshooting a bug zapper keeps it working at an optimal level.

Bug zappers, electronic insect-control systems or electrical-discharge insect-control systems, are simply meant to keep insect problems under control. They attract and kill insects that are attracted by light. A light source lures insects using an invisible black light to a grid where they are electrocuted. You can ensure that your bug zapper continues to perform at optimal levels by solving common problems that tend to arise. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Check your fuse or circuit breaker if your bug zapper's bulbs do not light. The location of the fuse varies with different bug zappers, so refer to your product's documentation. Replace a damaged fuse.

2. Inspect your bug zapper's grids if you are noticing sparking between grid rods. Unplug the unit from an electrical source and adjust the grids. Depending on the bug zapper, you can adjust the grids by bending them back into alignment using an insulated screwdriver. If you are unable to bend the grids on your device, refer to your manual.

3. Check the killing grid if your bulbs light, but you do not see any voltage on the grid. If you have material build up around the grid, clean it. Some bug zappers are equipped with self-cleaning grids, so the only cleaning you are required to do is removing insect debris using a soft brush or a blower. Avoid cleaning your zapper with water or other liquids.

4. Replace bulbs if they light up but no longer attract insects. Although the bulbs light up, the invisible black light output that attracts insects may have diminished with age. To replace a bulb, turn off and unplug the unit. Remove the bulb retainer and remove the old bulb from its socket. Insert a replacement bulb into the socket and replace the bulb retainer. Refer to your bug zapper's documentation if you are unsure replace a damaged bulb.

Tags: your zapper, bulbs light, adjust grids, black light, bulb retainer

What Is Systemic Insecticide Treatment

Systemic insecticides kill insects when treated plants parts are eaten.

Your flourishing garden looks lovely. But wait! There are bugs chewing on your prized rose! Before you reach for the insect spray, killing everything that crawls on six legs including beneficial insects, consider using a systemic pesticide to kill insects that are lunching on your garden. Does this Spark an idea?

Systemic Insecticides

According to the Colorado State University Extension, where many insecticides are applied to plant surfaces, killing all bugs that come into contact with the poison, systemic insecticides are taken into the plant, either through the root system or leaves, and become part of the plant's chemical make up.

How Systemic Insecticides Kill Bugs

When an insect eats a plant that has been treated with a systemic insecticide, it is essentially eating something poisonous, and it dies.

Advantages

There are two advantages to using a systemic insecticide. The first is that it lasts longer than a surface application of insecticide. Surface applied pesticides wash away with rain and irrigation, and diminish in effectiveness with exposure to sunlight. The second advantage is that a systemic insecticide protects an entire plant, from root tip to leaf tip.

Types of Insects Affected

The types of insects that systemic insecticides kill include aphids, mealybugs, spider mites, Japanese beetles, grubs, whiteflies, leaf miners and scale.

Caution

As well as systemic insecticides work, they should never be used on food crops, and you should take care to keep them away from children, pets and beneficial insects. Always read and follow package instructions for proper application and safety.

Tags: beneficial insects, insecticides kill, insects that, kill insects, systemic insecticide, Systemic Insecticides, systemic insecticides

Discourage Mosquito Growth In Still Water Without Harming Plant Life

Mosquitoes are a warm-season pest that can make enjoying the outdoors impossible. For those who have fish ponds, pools, birdbaths and other still-water areas, it can be difficult to prevent them from becoming mosquito breeding grounds. There is no need to completely avoid your yard or garden because of a mosquito infestation. With a little planning and proper maintenance, your water feature will be mosquito-free throughout the season. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Place top-feeding fish into the still water. These fish -- including goldfish, top minnows and gambusia -- will eat mosquito larvae from the top of the still water.

2. Stop feeding the fish in the pond starting in late spring and lasting until the late summer. This encourages the fish to eat the mosquito larvae and eggs in the water.

3. Cut back plants along the pond or other still water area, using loppers, so there are no thick clumps. Prune out one-third of the stalks from clumps like cattails so the fish can swim through them and eat the mosquitoes. You do not need to cut down all vegetation.

4. Mix a larvicide with water as directed on the package if you don't want to put fish in your area of still water. Pour the larvicide into the still water. Larvicide kills mosquito eggs and larvae, but does not harm plant life.

Tags: still water, into still, into still water, mosquito larvae

Hints To Kill Mealy Bugs

Mealy bugs are a tiny insect, 1 to 4 mm in length, with an oval body. They are covered with a white, cottony or pale wax secretion and can resemble a tiny cotton ball. They are part of the insect family known as scale insects, in the family Pseudococcidae, and are the least scale-like of the group because they are soft-bodied, without the outer shell associated with other insects of the scale family. Does this Spark an idea?

Identify a Mealy Bug Infestation

Mealy bugs have sucking mouth parts. When they feed off plants, the plants weaken and growth is hindered. The leaves distort, turn yellow and drop off. In some cases, plants can be killed.

The mealy bug produces large amounts of a sticky substance called "honeydew," which can coat plants and other surrounding surfaces. A black, sooty fungus commonly grows on the honeydew. This combination of fungus and honeydew can kill the plants. The combination of honeydew and the black fungus is one way to detect a mealy bug infestation.

Hints to Kill Mealy Bugs

Insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils are a great way to control mealy bugs. The mealy bug likes to hide where the leaves attach to the stem, so it is best to get good coverage in this area. Make sure when using the soaps and oils that they come in direct contact with the bug since they are not easily absorbed and circulated well by the plants. Be careful when using the soaps and oils as they can burn the leaves. Be sure to apply them when the air temperature is cool. Also, make sure that the plants are well watered the day before you apply the soaps and oils. Never spray wilted plants.

The most popular home remedy for killing mealy bugs is to swab plants with a cotton swab or cotton ball dipped in isopropyl alcohol. Do not use other alcohols, such as ethanol or methanol, as they penetrate the plant tissues and cause extreme damage.

Another solution is to mix a small amount of mild liquid dish detergent and sometimes mineral oil or neem oil, with the isopropyl alcohol. Vegetable oils will work as well but keep the plant away from sunlight as it will cause it to turn rancid quickly and lose its effectiveness. A recipe to try calls for a 1.5-liter spray bottle filled with a 50:50 mix of alcohol and water, with a few drops to about 1 tsp. liquid soap and 1 tsp. of one of the oils. Be cautious, however, as too much or too strong a detergent or use of an ammonia-based chemical may damage your plants, particularly the buds and flowers. Spraying of alcohol does not always kill the eggs that are well hidden so be sure to be thorough and repeat as necessary.

Another way to control mealy bug may be to purchase commercially available beneficial insects, such as ladybugs, lace wing or the mealy bug destroyer, which are natural predators of the mealy bug, for plants kept outside. When releasing the beneficial insects, however, control the ants. They feed on the honeydew that the mealy bugs produce and will protect them from predators to ensure their food supply.

Tags: mealy bugs, soaps oils, beneficial insects, control mealy, cotton ball, Hints Kill, Hints Kill Mealy

Different Types Of Fish For Small Ponds

Fish can enhance a small pond.

A pond adds beauty and serenity to your landscape. While not every home has room for a large pond, almost anyone can find a spot to squeeze in a small one. Don't let your pond become a breeding ground for mosquitoes, which can happen if there are no fish in it to control the insects. Use fish to control insects. When choosing fish for your pond, consider what kinds of fish will do well, because some fish--such as koi--need a great deal of room and will die in a small pond.

Mosquito Fish

If you don't want mosquitoes filling your pond with larvae, try mosquito fish.

The mosquito fish is a good choice for small ponds, especially in temperate climates. This fish is related to the common guppy, and is about the same size, growing to a maximum of 3 inches long. Place some mosquito fish in your small pond to control mosquito larvae. They will also eat the larvae of other insects. Additionally, these fish will eat algae in your pond, helping the water to stay clean and clear. They can survive harsh winter conditions if the pond is deep enough and has aeration throughout the winter. Or catch them and move them to an indoor tank for the winter, then put them back out in the spring.

Goldfish

Goldfish do very well in small ponds.

Goldfish are commonly used in small ponds to enhance the beauty as well as control mosquito larvae and other insects. With a large variety of types and colors, goldfish offer many choices for your pond. They thrive in a pond approximately 2 feet deep, and as a bonus they won't destroy the plants. Goldfish can survive the winter in a pond if the water is at least a foot deeper than the freeze zone. Otherwise, remove them from the pond for the winter.

Bitterlings

Growing to a maximum size of 4 inches, bitterlings are an attractive addition to a small pond. These white and yellow fish are easy to care for and feed on parasites and insect larvae. Bitterlings are omnivores, and need to have a diet that includes both plant and animal products. If they need supplemental feeding, use a good fish food that contains both animal and vegetable products. Bitterlings get along well in a community setting, and won't fight with each other or with the other fish in your pond.

American Flagfish

The flag-like markings, with stripes and "stars" on both sides, give the American flagfish its unusual name. These fish do very well in a small pond, although they can be a little bit aggressive with other fish. Plant your pond with lots of aquatic plants around the edge, pieces of driftwood scattered on the bottom, and floating plants for additional cover. As long as they are not overcrowded, your American flagfish should do well in a community pond. They grow to a maximum size of 2½ inches long, and are wonderful algae eaters, consuming enough to help keep your water clear even through the summer. If your pond is new and doesn't have enough algae for your flagfish, supplement them with algae flakes or tablets. Along with the algae they will consume insects and insect larvae. They need both kinds of food to keep their diet balanced.

Tags: your pond, small pond, fish your, mosquito fish, algae your

Natural Repellent For Mosquito Bites

Natural repellents provide some protection from mosquito bites.

People with concerns about the safety of chemical mosquito repellents often opt for natural repellents. However, many natural repellents don't work as effectively as synthetic repellents and are not always safe. Does this Spark an idea?

Topical Repellents

A commercial repellent containing soybean oil and geranium oil can keep mosquitoes away for about 90 minutes, making it equivalent in efficacy to a repellent with a low concentration of DEET. Other essential oils that can repel mosquitoes include oil of eucalyptus, citronella grass, clove, hairy basil, kaffir lime, lemongrass, patchouli, pine, turmeric and vanilla.

Area Repellents

Candles that emit natural repellents can keep mosquitoes away from certain areas. Compared to other essential oil candles, linalool and geraniol candles repel mosquitoes better. In an outdoor setting, they provide moderate protection within 3 feet from the candles.

Warning

Natural mosquito repellents often contain plant oils that can be toxic and irritating, especially in high concentrations. In case of skin reactions, washing the affected area can relieve the discomfort. The National Poison Control Center can provide advice on further treatment.

Tags: keep mosquitoes, keep mosquitoes away, mosquito repellents, mosquito repellents often, mosquitoes away, natural repellents, oils that

Kill Insects Hiding In Shoes

Keep insects out of old shoes with peppermint oil.

Some insects gather in secluded areas where there is little activity. Shoes typically meet these requirements, especially if they are stored away for long periods of time. The possibility of insects hiding in shoes is even higher when the shoes are stored outdoors, in a garage or in a basement or a storage area that is not insect-free. Kill the insects by using elements that will not deteriorate your shoes yet are powerful enough to kill the bugs. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Bang the shoes outdoors in a hard surface to knock out any insects, and step on the bugs to kill them. This typically bumps out any insects that are inside of the shoes.

2. Spray an green insect spray inside of the shoes, specifically one that is safe for use on the skin. Harsh sprays will kill insects, but they can also harm you if the chemicals absorb into your skin as you wear the shoes. Let the spray air-dry entirely, and bump the shoes on a hard outdoor surface to remove any dead bugs.

3. Wash the shoes if you are able to do so. Read care instructions; often you can machine-wash sneakers and similar types of shoes. Wash and dry the shoes to kill the insects.

4. Store the shoes in an airtight storage bag to prevent insects from getting into the shoes in the future.

Tags: inside shoes, Wash shoes

Homemade Tick Repellent Recipe

Ticks can be troublesome outdoor pests, as they feed off the blood of mammals, and can carry and transfer bacteria and disease such as Lyme disease. Some retail products are designed to repel ticks, but these are many times high-priced items and no more effective than a simple homemade solution.

Repellent for Pets

For pets, add 1 cup of water to a spray bottle, followed by 2 cups of distilled white vinegar. Ticks hate the smell and taste of vinegar, and will be easily be repelled by this ingredient alone. Then, add two spoonfuls of vegetable or almond oil, which both contain sulfur (another natural tick repellent). To make a repellent that will also deter fleas, mix in a few spoonfuls of lemon juice, citrus oil, or peppermint oil, which will all repel ticks and fleas while also creating a scented repellent.

Spray onto the pet's dry coat, staying away from sensitive areas including eyes, nose, mouth, and genitals. When outdoors for an extended period, spray this solution on two to three times per day. When pets are outdoors generally to use the restroom only, spray the solution onto the animal's coat once per day.

Repellent for Humans

A simple homemade repellent can be made with a few inexpensive household ingredients. In a spray bottle, mix 2 cups of distilled white vinegar and 1 cup of water. To make a scented solution so you do not smell like bitter vinegar all day, add 20 drops of your favorite essential oil or bath oil. Eucalyptus oil is a calm, soothing scent that also works as a tick repellent, while peppermint and citrus oils give off a strong crisp scent that also repel ticks.

After mixing the solution, spray onto clothing, skin, and hair before going outdoors. Reapply every four hours to keep ticks at bay, and examine the skin and hair when returning home to make sure no ticks are on the body.

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Meditate With Incense

Meditation can help clear your mind, calm your spirit, improve concentration or focus on your goals. There are many forms of meditation. Burning incense can do more than fill the air with a sweet scent. It can aid you in your meditation. It is believed that incense carries our prayers and wishes to the heavens. Follow the guide below to meditate with incense.

Instructions

Meditate with Incense

1. Choose a quiet place where you will not be disturbed for at least 15 to 30 minutes.

2. Choose your goal for the meditation session. For example, are you meditating to clear your mind or strengthen your intellect? Perhaps you desire to meditate on drawing love or prosperity into your life. Determine what you will focus on for the meditation period.

3. Choose an incense appropriate for your goal.

4. Sit in a comfortable place.

5. Light the incense and begin your meditation.

Choose the Appropriate Incense for Your Meditation

6. Choose amber, strawberry, rose, patchouli, lavender or jasmine incense while meditating on love.

7. Choose cinnamon, musk or jasmine incense while meditating on wealth and/or prosperity.

8. Choose vanilla, sage or honeysuckle incense while meditating on wisdom, intellect, mental powers or clarity.

9. Choose amber or strawberry incense while meditating on happiness or good fortune.

10. Choose pine, sandalwood or sage incense while meditating on cleansing and clearing.

11. Choose patchouli or rose incense while meditating on growth or fertility.

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Different Types Of House Bugs

Termites eat wood around the house.

A variety of bugs enter houses, mainly to seek out food and shelter. These creatures cause a range of problems, including food contamination, allergies, household damage, bug bites on humans and pets, and an unclean appearance when seen around the house. Most types of house bug infestations are relatively easy to treat with good cleaning practices and bug poisons. Does this Spark an idea?

Ants and Termites

Ants live outdoors but also infest houses.

According to Texas A & M University, ants infest houses and are one of the most difficult types of house bugs to eradicate. They search the house for food and get contaminate food supplies. Some types of ants can bite or sting humans. Termites eat wood and can cause lots of damage to the house. Many types of ants create nests in dead wood, such as nearby outdoor tree stumps or underneath old hardwood floors. The University of Minnesota recommends making houses less attractive to ants by getting rid of easy access to food and water. Keep food in tightly sealed containers and fix dripping faucets. A variety of ant traps and poisons can help remove already existing ant problems.

Cockroaches

Cockroaches can grow very large.

Cockroaches are large brown bugs that make their way into houses in search of food. The University of Florida explains that cockroaches ruin food, harm fabrics, spread diseases, secrete bad-smelling liquid and cause allergies in some people. Deter cockroaches by getting rid of cockroach-accessible food and water sources. Sealing entries into the home also helps prevent cockroaches from entering. Some types of cockroaches live best outdoors, and homeowners can often eradicate this type by simply removing them and putting them outside. Many cockroach infestations, however, require insecticide sprays or dusts, according to the University of Florida.

Bed Bugs

As the name suggests, tiny bed bugs live in mattresses and other upholstered furniture. Bed bugs bite humans, and spread easily on clothes and in luggage. Washington State University recommends using a chemical called pyrethrin to get rid of bed bugs. Pyrethrin sprays usually eradicate bed bugs when sprayed once every 30 days on mattresses, upholstered furniture and small cracks around the house.

Fleas

Fleas usually enter the home on pet dogs or cats.

Fleas are tiny dark brown bloodsucking insects that live in animal fur. They usually enter a house on a pet, and can then spread and hide in carpets, floor cracks and other tiny spaces. They will bite both pets and humans, and lay eggs that worsen the infestation. Vacuuming and thoroughly cleaning the house can help eradicate flea infestations, according to Washington State University. Pets will need some sort of flea treatment to get rid of the fleas.

Tags: around house, food water, infest houses, Some types, State University, Termites wood, types ants

Bug Killers For Yards

If there are bugs in your yard, there are several options for exterminating them.

If you have bugs in your yard, they are probably uninvited and you'd like to see them move out. Since they have no interest in your wishes, you often have to resort to pesticides to kill these creatures to protect your lawn and garden. Depending on which kinds of bugs you are looking to kill, your remedy may vary. Still, all kinds of pesticides generally fit into one of a very few categories. Some work better than others, but sometimes the effectiveness comes at a cost. Learn as much as you can about these products before using them. Does this Spark an idea?

Chemical Pesticides

Chemical pesticides have long been the standard for bug control in lawns and gardens. Many companies produce synthetic chemical formulas that target either specific insects or use a broad-spectrum pesticide formula to wipe out many different species. In either case, chemical pesticides have their critics. The upside to these products is they work well to kill the bugs in your yard. The downside is that many of these chemicals could be dangerous. These chemicals are poisons, and putting poison on the ground around your home does raise some concerns for many people. When liquid pesticides absorb into the ground and evaporate they can emit potentially harmful gases and can leave behind poison that pets of family members can come into contact with on the ground. Even U.S. federal laws prohibit chemical pesticide companies from using the term, "safe when used as directed" on packaging today because there is no way to know how some of these poisons may affect people later, according to health consultant Jonathan Campbell.

Organic Pesticides

When synthetic products make consumers uncomfortable they often run for the organic alternatives. The same applies to organic pesticides. Organic pesticides do not use synthetic chemicals, but instead use naturally occurring ingredients to kill the bugs. Among the popular organic bug killers is mineral oil based pesticide and fungal pesticides that infect and kill insects. While these are effective, most organic pesticides are weaker than their chemical cousins. For this reason they must be applied in heavier doses to be as effective. These heavy doses often do damage, too. But not just to the targeted insects, but also to the environment and the "good" bugs you didn't want to kill. According to Science Daily, organic pesticides are generally less effective and actually tend to have a heavier environmental impact than chemical pesticides.

Home Remedies

If you are looking to rid specific parts of your yard of a particular bug, you can make a safe, effective and cheap homemade remedy to kill the bugs. A spray made from hot peppers, garlic and onions mixed with water and a drop of liquid soap is good for getting rid of pests infecting your plants. You can even gather up a bunch of the problem-causing insects and put them in a blender to make a repellent. Just put the blended bugs around the problem areas and the living ones will stay away. It doesn't kill them, but they will be gone.

Prevention Methods

Keep your lawn healthy through proper mowing, fertilization and thatch removal. Light insect infestations are not a big deal if you have a healthy lawn. Keep your lawn looking its best and apply pesticides only if your lawn begins to suffer damage from pest infestation.

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Does Permafrost Affect Trees

What is Permafrost?

Permafrost is permanently frozen ground located in polar regions and the most frigid parts of the world. According to the U.S. National Park Service, the ground must be frozen for at least two years straight to qualify as permafrost---many permafrost areas have been frozen for over 10,000 years. The thickness of the permafrost also varies by location, with some areas reaching only a foot thick and others almost 5,000 feet thick. Everything in permafrost is frozen, including water, soil, rock and other minerals. At places where trees grow in permafrost areas, such as the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska, there is an active soil zone on top of the permafrost layer that thaws some during the warmer months. The depth of this area affects trees and other plant-life that grow in permafrost.

Can Trees Survive?

Survival is more difficult for trees that grow above permafrost, though several species have adapted to the conditions. In ground where the permafrost layer begins closer to the surface, only black spruce trees can survive, though white spruce, poplar and aspen trees can develop in areas where permafrost layers begin further underground. Trees that grow above permafrost are less able to receive nutrients because the extreme cold and thawing cycles damage their roots and limit their ability to absorb scarce available nutrients. Their roots are also not as developed as those of other trees and often grow laterally across the upper parts of the soil because they cannot burrow down into the dirt. Therefore, trees growing in these areas are smaller and less robust. Trees in these regions also grow, produce nutrients and regenerate more slowly than trees that grow in less harsh environments.

Drunken Forests

Because trees above permafrost cannot grow deep root systems due to the frozen layer below them, they do not have a solid foundation and are more susceptible to changes in the upper soil layer. A lot of water build up can occur on top of permafrost ground because the water cannot be absorbed by the frozen ground underneath. When this occurs, roots that are close to the surface can be warped or the soil that holds up the tree can over-saturate and shift, causing the plant to lose its bearings and slightly tip in one direction. Forests affected like this are called drunken forests because of the wobbly, crooked appearance of the trees.

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Difference Between Mosquito & Sand Fly Bites

Female mosquitoes and sand flies require blood protein so their eggs can mature and develop.

Sand flies and mosquitoes are non-venomous insects that bite to obtain blood protein. In most cases their bites are harmless; however, in some cases mosquitoes and sand flies carry and spread disease. While both bites produce an itchy welt, there are a few distinct differences between mosquito and sand fly bites. In either case, you can protect yourself from being bitten by wearing insect repellent and reducing the amount of skin you expose at the times of day when bites are most prevalent.

The Basics

Mosquitoes and sand flies bite their prey to feed on their blood. In both insects, only the females bite in order to gain blood protein so they are able to produce eggs. A bite from a mosquito or sand fly turns into an itchy welt because the female injects saliva into the victim as she feeds. The saliva works to thin the blood and prevent it from clotting during the feeding. This saliva causes an autoimmune reaction that causes the bite to itch and swell.

Mosquitoes

There are well over 2,000 species of mosquitoes worldwide. These flying insects feed on the blood of both birds and mammals. Many factors attract and cause mosquitoes to bite humans, including the carbon dioxide we exhale, moisture, lactic acid and perspiration. Mosquitoes are also attracted by things like deodorants, detergents, movement and body heat. People wearing dark colors are more likely to be bitten, because dark colors absorb more heat. Mosquitoes commonly bite in the evening and nighttime; however these bugs can bite at any time of day.

Sand Flies

Sand flies are also called biting midges. These insects are found living in and around aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats including mud and wet organic debris. During windy weather they remain inactive, but typically female sand flies emerge to find victims in the early morning hours and at dusk. Sand flies also will feed on a wide variety of animals, including humans. When biting humans, sand flies are known to attack in large numbers. They will commonly bite the face, hands or scalp of their victims, but they will also bite any area of exposed skin.

Bites

Both sand flies and mosquitoes produce a red, itchy bump after biting humans; however some humans will experience more violent allergic reactions than others. A mosquito bite may also burn and turn into a large welt. Sand fly bites typically occur in clusters. Their bites are very painful. A bite from a small sand fly can be more painful that the bite of a large mosquito. Sand fly bites can also produces rashes and cause fevers in their victims depending on the tolerance to the bite.

Diseases

While most bites from a mosquito or sand fly are simply an itchy annoyance, these bugs are known in some areas to transmit diseases. Mosquitoes are known to transmit malaria and yellow fever through their bites. On the other hand, sand flies are able to transmit ailments like Carrion's disease, pappataci fever, filarial worms and conditions like leishmaniasis, which is likened to malaria.

Tags: blood protein, mosquito sand, sand flies, bite from, biting humans, blood both

Check A Thermistor

Check a Thermistor

A thermistor is an electrical component that consists of two wires a casing in which the wires are connected to two materials, typically metals, that have different electrical characteristics at varying temperatures. The thermistor, therefore, has a resistance that varies with temperature. Household appliances that need to monitor temperature, such as a dryer, use thermistors to determine the amount of heat to supply and when the heat present matches the temperature setting. By knowing check a thermistor, you can often troubleshoot an appliance. And because thermistors are relatively inexpensive, especially when compared for example to a heating element, checking a thermistor can save money. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Remove the thermistor from the circuit in which it is used. For a household appliance, such as a dryer, this can typically be achieved by unscrewing the terminals to which the thermistor wires are connected. Other thermistors can have plugs which can simply be unplugged.

2. Plug in your ohmmeter probes to your ohmmeter and turn it on. Most ohmmeters have automatic range finders, but if you need to select a range, start with the highest range and then adjust the range downward after making your resistance measurement.

3. Connect the ohmmeter probes to the thermistor. If you get a resistance reading, the thermistor has an extremely high probability that it is not defective. Most thermistors that are defective will be open and show infinite resistance.

4. Turn on the blow dryer and direct the air flow at the thermistor. The resistance measurement on the ohmmeter display should decrease. A typical thermistor will decrease from about 10,000 ohms to about 1,000 ohms, although these values can vary with the thermistor model.

5. Disconnect the thermistor from the ohmmeter probes and turn off the ohmmeter.

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Remove Potassium Permanganate

Remove Potassium Permanganate

Potassium permanganate is a chemical solution that is sometimes used to treat odors, the taste of chlorine, and bacteria growth in tap water. If potassium permanganate is present in high quantities, it can turn the water a pinkish color and can stain solids a dark pink color as well. If you have spilled potassium permanganate on yourself, the floor or simply do not want your water to be pink anymore, you can treat it through a fairly easy process. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Treat your water supply by installing a water-treatment filter filled with sodium metabisulfite at the main water intake for your home. This will effectively neutralize the potassium permanganate as the water passes through the filter. Locate the main shut-off valve for your water supply and turn the valve to the "Off" position. Use the crescent wrench to unscrew the coupling between the shut-off valve and the rest of your plumbing.

2. Screw the water-treatment filter into the pipe leading to your home and make sure the treatment reservoir is situated at the top of the filter. Screw the intake pipe into the other side of the treatment filter and turn the water valve back to the "On" position.

3. Fill the treatment reservoir with the powdered Sodium metabisulfide and screw the top of the reservoir on tight. Turn the water on at various positions within the house and test the color. Adjust the treatment knob at the base of the reservoir until the water coming out of your water fixtures is clear and free of coloration.

4. Mix a solution of two parts water to one part Sodium metabisulfite and fill the spray bottle with it. Use a sponge and this solution to clean tubs, sinks and other areas that have been stained by the potassium permanganate in your water.

Tags: your water, potassium permanganate, Remove Potassium, Remove Potassium Permanganate, shut-off valve

The Different Brands Of Suntan Lotion

Too much time in the sun can cause skin problems.

Too much unprotected fun in the sun causes skin problems. The skin will redden, burn, become painful and then peel. Over an extended period of time, overexposure to the sun leads to premature aging and wrinkles, but worst of all can cause skin cancer. Suntan lotions protect the skin by absorbing or blocking ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. Look for brands that protect you from both UVA and UVB sun rays. Does this Spark an idea?

Banana Boat

Banana Boats sport lotions stays on through sweaty activities.

Banana Boat suntan lotions are tested in the Florida sun, and provide up to five hours of protection. The lotions block both UVA and UVB rays. Banana Boat uses AvoTriplex technology to provide enhanced UVA protection.

Aveeno

Aveeno makes their products from natural ingredients.

Aveeno suntan lotion products use natural ingredients such as shiitaki mushrooms and oatmeal. They block both UVA and UVB. While many company products smell of cocoa butter, Aveeno products do not contain a fragrance.

Coppertone

Coppertone products offer UVA and UVB protection. They are sweat and water resistant. Coppertone brands itself as child friendly with lotions that don't burn your eyes. In addition to suntan lotions, the company offers a smart phone application that provides the local UV index.

Neutrogena

Neutrogena skin care products are made by the Johnson & Johnson Co. Its sensitive skin sunblock lotion contains zinc oxide as well as UVA and UVB absorbers. This product is oil free, hypoallergenic, and fragrance free.

Hawaiian Tropic

Hawaiian Tropic markets itself as the "beauty of sun protection." However, not all of its products are listed as providing UVB protection. The company's sensitive skin product is not scented, but other products contain a coconut fragrance.

Bain De Soleil

Bain De Soleil means "bath of the sun." The company has a limited merchandise line, only a couple of products still in production. Bain De Soleil markets itself as the luxurious suntan lotion, and urges consumers to treat themselves to a unique and sensual experience.

Australian Gold

Australian Gold adds an enhancer to its suntan lotions to give you a darker tan. These lotions offer UVA and UVB protection. The lotions also contain aloe and Vitamin E. Australian Gold does not use para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) or mineral oil in its products.

Bull Frog

Bull Frog sunblock provides long-term sun protection, up to eight hours. It provides UVA and UVB protection. Bull Frog Mosquito Coast includes an insect repellent. Bull Frog suntan lotions do not come off during physical activity.

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Remove Insect Bite Scars

Some insect bites can be large, angry, swollen and puss-filled. By the time these bites heal, they can leave behind skin discoloration that can take weeks to months to heal fully. Fortunately, there are a few steps you can take to help reduce the redness and darkness of insect-bite scarring and help eliminate the marks much more quickly. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Remove dead skin cells from the area with baking soda. Baking soda is made up of tiny, rounded particulates. This, combined with its alkaline nature, makes baking soda a powerful, yet gentle exfoliative. Baking soda can be massaged onto the skin twice per day to buff off dead skin cells, which can lift off discolored areas of insect-bite scarring to reveal new, unscarred skin. To make a baking soda scrub, combine a teaspoon of water with a tablespoon of baking soda. This will create a paste that can be massaged onto the skin using small, circular motions. After about one minute, rinse the area well with water to remove the baking soda.

2. Stimulate new skin cell growth with lemon juice. Lemon juice contains high levels of vitamin C, which fight off free radicals on the skin and encourage new skin cell growth. Using lemon juice to remove scarring from insect bites can help reduce inflammation and infection, as well as stimulate new skin cells to replace the scarred ones. Lemon juice can be used on the skin in its full, concentrated form. You can either spray the area where the scar is with lemon juice poured into a spray bottle, or you can apply a lemon juice compress by soaking a towel in the juice and laying it across the bite mark.

3. Hydrate and loosen skin cells with vitamin E oil. Vitamin E nourishes the skin and softens the dead skin cells and tissues that can be caused by a bite scar. You should use vitamin E oil on insect-bite scars by massaging the oil onto the skin using deep, deliberate pressure and slow, circular motions with the fingers. Continue to massage the scarred area for two or three minutes, then wipe the remaining oil away using a washcloth.

Tags: skin cells, lemon juice, baking soda, dead skin, dead skin cells, onto skin

Fruits That Can Be Used As Insect Repellents

A few fruits can be used as effective insect repellent, as can fruit-bearing trees and herbs. Citrus fruit such as lemons or limes offer some of the best natural repelling qualities. Does this Spark an idea?

Citrus Peel

The compound limonene found in the citrus deters insects such as flies, mosquitoes and fleas. To make and effective repellent spray from a lemon, quarter the lemon, cover it with boiling water and let it sit overnight. In the morning, strain the quarters and decant the water into a spray bottle.

Neem Fruit Oil

Neem trees have insect repellent qualities in its fruit, seeds, leaves and bark. The oil pressed from the skin of the fruit and seeds is effective against fleas. Other parts of the tree can produce a broad insect repellent and pesticide. The limonoids in the plant interrupt the feeding and breeding pattern of the insects and eventually kills them.

Other Insect Repelling Plants

Herbs such as citronella, lavender and pennyroyal, and eucalyptus, cedar and Kentucky coffee trees all have insect repelling qualities. Some naturally repel insects, but others need to be reduced to an essential oil form to act as a repellent.

Tags: insect repellent, fruit seeds, have insect, repelling qualities, trees have, trees have insect

Difference In Ultrasonic & Hydrosonic Humidifiers

Humidifiers spread water vapor in the air

From a scientific perspective, there is no different between ultrasonic and hydrosonic humidifiers. Although the two terms do differ slightly, they both describe a process whereby water is turned into a gas using ultrasonic waves to spread energy throughout a fluid.

Humidifiers

Humidifers are designed to raised the humidity within an enclosed space. They operate by adding water molecules to the air, increasing the presence of water in a room. People use humidifiers in dry climates, when the body can benefit from increased moisture, especially at night when water intake lessens. In order to work, humidifiers need to turn a supply of water into water vapor. This can be done in a variety of ways, but one of the most popular is through ultrasonic waves.

Ultrasonic Process

Ultrasonic waves are sound waves that operate beyond the range the human hearing. All sound waves are in fact pressure waves that move through materials and substances due to some kind of force exerted at the source of the waves. Ultrasonic waves are pressure forces that have an extremely high frequency, moving very fast through the substances. While humans may not be able hear these sounds, they can control their effects: ultrasonic frequencies are so strong and fast that they tend to vibrate substances around them, imparting energy. When this affect is applied to fluids, it is possible that some molecules of these fluids will be vibrated so much they will gain enough energy to break free and float away as a gas. This brings us to hydrosonic activities.

Hydrosonic Differences

Hydrosonic means nothing more than applying the ultrasonic process in water. Pressure waves are created that vibrate the water so much that water molecules break free and enter the air as mist. So while humidifiers may be refered to as "ultrasonic" or "hydrosonic", the same process is being referred to, the application of ultrasonic waves in water. This is known in scientific circles as cavitation.

Cavitation

Cavitation is an advanced ultrasonic activity used when preparing cell solutions. It is extremely destructive to cell structures and a very power form of ultrasonic vibration that can also be used to change water from its liquid state to a gas. In cavitation, a probe or similar device vibrates very quickly in a fluid solution like water. These vibration pushe molecules away from the probe with their force. The molecules are jostled away for a moment, creating an air bubble or cavity, then collapse back down due to gravity. The force of their collapse creates more cavities in the surrounding water, which in turn collapse and spread the force in a ripple effect. This is how ultrasonic activity can be spread throughout a humidifier.

Other Humidifiers

Other humidifiers use a slightly more complicated process where water is heated until it is turned into steam, which is then propelled out into the surrounding air. These systems tend to cost a little more, since this process is more effective at increasing the overal humidity of the room.

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Diy Backyard Landscaping

Home to Backyard

For most homeowners the backyard is more than just a patch of grass. The backyard needs to be a place of solace after a long stressful day. When deciding what items to include, consider what you will do there. It is the most personal area of the property, and it should reflect your tastes. Does this Spark an idea?

Make Your Backyard User Friendly

List your priorities by importance. The size of your backyard will dictate how much can go there, and some items may need to be dropped. Privacy is always important, if there are walls or fences in place you are already ahead. If a fence is an impossibility, you can create a plant screen for privacy. You will need hard surfaces, and there are a lot of patios and paths you can do yourself. Flagstone is popular because it does not require mortar. It will require a flat sandy surface in which you dig and drop the stones into. Creating a solid path is more difficult because there is cutting and mortaring. By using flagstone in a free-form way you just need some creativity. Pavers, brick and cobble stones are laid down in the same way. Plain concrete is still the most common material for patios. You can always lay tile over the concrete later on. Pebble gravel can be used as a temporary path material and can later act as a base for more permanent paths. The important thing is to have these areas mapped out and leveled before any planting is done. Putting in a lawn is easy. Sod is more expensive but quick and great for small areas. If you choose to seed a lawn find out what the best type of seed is for your area. Lay down good soil before seeding and sprinkle a light layer of compost to hold the seed in place. Fall is the best time to plant a lawn.

Must-have Suggestions

Everyone needs some type of seating. You may desire a comfortable chair to read in or an entire outdoor dining set. Think of the backyard as an outdoor living space not just a place to grow plants. If you visualize yourself working outdoors on your computer, make sure there is easy access to electricity. More and more people are working from home at least part of the time. You will want to use your backyard as many months of the year as possible. Make sure there is a covered area so you can be there when it is raining. This could be a simple table umbrella, awning or a structure built over the patio. Make sure there is lighting so you can stay outside in the evening.

he sight and sound of water can be very tranquil. Some feel this is an extravagant addition but there are plenty of small inexpensive fountains. Ponds are for people who find the maintenance part relaxing. Fountains and waterfalls are for those who just want to look and listen. If water is moving, it stays free of algae and mosquitoes. If the recirculating reservoir is enclosed falling debris will stay out. Another worthy addition may be a hot tub. If you cook a lot you may want to add an outdoor kitchen. This does not have to be the prefabricated kind. Start with a good barbecue and add a small refrigerator, sink and cabinet just as you would inside the house. Adding as you go is easy if the areas are set aside for your ongoing projects.

Choosing Plants

Large trees are too big for most modern lots and create a lot of raking. Layer small trees and shrubs at different heights to create a woodland setting. If you enjoy watching birds, add berry-producing shrubs. If your side yard is sunny, plant the vegetable garden there instead of in the center of the backyard. Vegetable gardens look bad in the winter. For instant effect, place annuals in containers for the deck or patio while your landscape matures.

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Homemade Organic Insecticides

Preventing slugs and other pests from devouring vegetables is easy with homemade organic insecticide.

You can make your own organic insecticides if you want to avoid the chemicals and cost of store-bought products. A natural insecticide created at home uses fewer ingredients and is inexpensive when compared to commercial options. If you use organic products, you can ensure there are no pesticides in the mixture. Sprays are easy to make and can contain a combination of effective ingredients. Natural dry insecticides prevent bugs from devouring plants and also work as fungicides. Organic insecticides also can provide a humane deterrent to larger garden pests, such as squirrels, rabbits and groundhogs. Does this Spark an idea?

Sprays

You can make water-based bug sprays using items found at the supermarket. Each ingredient deters a variety of pests in a natural and harmless way. You can purchase a plastic spray bottle for around $1. If you prefer to recycle a spray bottle, be sure to wash it thoroughly so it is free from any potentially harmful substances.

Garlic and onion both control slugs and similar pests when mixed with liquid. If slugs are already present in the garden, spraying them with the garlic or onion mixture will kill them on contact.

To make a gallon of insecticide, peel and chop three to five cloves of garlic or one small onion and mix it with water, alcohol or oil as described in the next paragraph. Macerating the garlic or onion as much as possible ensures the active ingredients will leach into the fluid. For best results use a blender.

Alcohol and oil will add potency to the organic spray. Use food-grade materials such as vodka and cooking oil, because they are made from natural sources and are safe for consumption. Alcohol is harmful to many pests and also will help dissolve the solid ingredients, making the insecticide more effective. Do not use the alcohol straight; instead, mix several tablespoons into one gallon of water. Oils will smother insects, but using too much can kill plants as well. Mix one cup of oil with water and the garlic mixture to make a gallon of insecticide.

Hot peppers will keep away small animals such as squirrels, rabbits and groundhogs in addition to repelling insects. Crush chilies such as jalapenos and add them to liquid using the same technique as with the garlic. One small hot pepper can be quite potent and will provide enough protection for a gallon of liquid. Powdered spices equivalent to a single pepper can also be added to the spray but the product will not be as powerful. One tablespoon is usually enough for a gallon.

You can make an organic insecticide combining of all of the above ingredients. One gallon of water blended with a few cloves of garlic, a small onion, a fresh hot pepper, a few tablespoons of vodka and a cup of cooking oil will protect your garden from many types of pests. Strain the mixture before pouring it into a spray bottle to avoid clogging the nozzle.

Powders

Dry insecticides also help to protect plants against fungus. Powdery substances need to be reapplied frequently if they are disturbed by rain or wind. Similar to the wet mixtures, dry spreads can be blended to contain more than one active ingredient.

Ground spices and herbs repel a wide array of insects. Cloves kill bothersome flying insects. Ground mint leaves ward off aphids and cabbage worms and deter squirrels. Dried and crushed lavender repels mice and moths while attracting insect-eating butterflies. Cabbage worms dislike such common spices as thyme and oregano. Oregano also discourages cucumber beetles.

Mixing the dried herbs with a filler creates an easier way to disperse the insecticide. As a rule, one part active ingredient to three parts filler will make an effective dry pesticide. Cornmeal is a good choice because it is inexpensive and will prevent mold from growing on the leaves it touches. Tea leaves can also be used to scatter the spices. In addition to preventing fungal growth tea can inhibit bacteria.

When blending multiple herbs, avoid mixing two equally strong-smelling ingredients together, such as clove and lavender, or the effectiveness of their scents will be canceled out. Instead, blend ingredients that tackle the same problem. For example, add a few tablespoons of both thyme and oregano to three cups of cornmeal for a powerful cabbage worm repellent. One tablespoon of ground cloves mixed with three cups of dried tea leaves will hold off aphids and flies and also protect the garden from fungus and bacteria.

Adding rose oil to a lavender and cornmeal mixture will increase its butterfly- attracting properties. Grind a cup of lavender buds, mix with three cups of cornmeal and add a few drops of essential rose oil.

Tags: garlic small, spray bottle, three cups, active ingredient, cloves garlic, cloves garlic small, cups cornmeal

Plant Citronella

Citronella in Bloom

The citronella plant is a warm weather favorite for porches, patios, decks, and flower beds. It's known for deterring mosquitoes and other pesky insects. Citronella is an annual plant with lavender blooms, and it has a vibrant fragrance of citronella when the leaves are rubbed or crushed. It can grow to up to two feet tall, and it is the distinct fragrance of citronella that purportedly repels mosquitoes and other insects. The following instructions are for planting citronella in a flower bed. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

Plant Citronella

1. Plant citronella in the spring after all danger of frost. Although citronella is a hardy plant, frost exposure can kill citronella even when well-established.

2. Select an area where the soil is well-drained and receives at least six hours of full sun each day.

3. Dig a hole twice the size of the container that the citronella plant is in.

4. Place the citronella plant in the hole and cover with one part dirt and three parts potting soil that have been well combined. Promix potting soil (available at most garden centers) comes in an organic mix (Promix Ultimate Organic Mix) if one wishes to avoid synthetic ingredients.

5. Water thoroughly.

6. Remove yellow leaves as they occur. Citronella does not require a lot of extra care. However, watering may be necessary if dry periods are experienced.

7. Remove citronella in the fall before frost. Return it to the indoors in a pot or other container.

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Donate Mosquito Nets In Africa

More than 700,000 children in Africa die each year from malaria---a completely preventable illness. This disease, spread by mosquito bites, can be eradicated. It has been reported that 90 percent of malaria transmission can be reduced with insecticide-treated mosquito netting. The nets protect families from getting bitten by mosquitoes at night, when---between the hours of 10 p.m. and 4 a.m.---mosquitoes are out in force. A net treated with insecticide offers twice as much protection as an untreated net and can even reduce mosquito numbers in entire villages.

Instructions

Provide Mosquito Netting to Prevent Malaria

1. There are several websites that collect money to buy, treat and distribute mosquito netting to a variety of African nations. Donations start at about $10 and can go as high as you wish. At NothingButNets.net, you can fill out an online form and enter the amount you want to donate.

2. The Boy Scouts of America has published a Tool Kit with tons of ideas for educating kids and your community about the dangers of mosquitoes and malaria in Africa. They suggest raising awareness and collecting charitable donations by setting up an information booth at a local museum. You can also do this at a park or church fair. Hand out fliers with statistics provided in the Tool Kit.

3. Volunteer Partnerships for West Africa is one of several organizations that need volunteers to go to Africa and actually put a mosquito net into a family's home, help a village install nets or assist with all of the work that goes into organizing these incredibly involved projects. For information on how you can become a volunteer here in the U.S. or in Africa, contact Volunteer Partnerships for West Africa (see Resources).

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Keep Bugs & Bees Out Of Swimming Pools

Bees and other insects can be attracted to the water in a swimming pool.

Dips in a pool can be especially enjoyable when you have your very own back-yard pool and can splash around any time you feel like. The last thing you want to worry about are insects in your water. You get your pool all set up each year and then wonder keep bees and other pests out of your oasis. It is important to get a handle on the problem first thing or these pesky insects can invade your water the entire summer. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

Covering Your Pool

1. Cover your pool at night and any time it isn't in use with a tarp. This will prevent bees and other bugs from getting in the water when you aren't looking. You will need more than one person to place the tarp over your pool.

2. Start at one end of the pool and place something heavy such as a large rock or a chair on the two corners to hold the tarp in place on the ground. One person will stand on each side of the pool holding the tarp and unrolling it as you both walk to the other end of the pool, covering the water in the process.

3. Secure both ends of the tarp to the ground on the opposite end once you have completely covered the pool. You may also want to secure the sides of the tarp to the ground on either side of the pool using heavy items such as chairs or rocks.

Bug Repellents

4. Purchase bug repellent items such as Citronella candles which have an odor that repels all types of bugs. Arrange the candles every 2 or 3 feet around the pool and light them with a match or lighter. Allow them to burn while you are enjoying the pool. Be sure to put out the flame when you are finished using the pool and cover the candles or take them inside so they won't melt in the sun. Once the candles are completely burned out the containers can be disposed of in the trash.

5. Fill a 16-oz spray bottle with a mixture of water and dish detergent and spray the soapy mixture on any bees that come into the area. This will kill them and prevent them from alerting other bees to the water in your pool.

6. Pour a small amount of Pine-Sol in your pool water. This won't harm the swimmers and bees won't like the smell.

Other Options

7. Purchase a bug zapper and install it in close vicinity to your pool. This will take care of all flying insects as they will be electrocuted when they fly into it. These types of devices can be found at most garden supply stores or hardware stores. Simply follow the package instructions for installing and setting up the device.

8. Avoid having flowers, flowering bushes and other types of landscaping greenery around your pool area. This type of foliage attracts not only bees but a variety of other insects which can invade your pool.

9. Keep the jets on in your pool to keep the water moving at all times. Bees don't like moving water.

10. Change the system in your pool from a chlorine base to a saltwater system. This can be expensive option, but insects will not drink salt water. You can contact the manufacturer of your pool or get in touch with the local pool supply store and speak to a professional who can assist you with the process.

11. Clean your pool as often as possible and keep it free from algae. The algae provides a place for bugs such as mosquitoes and water bugs to breed and lay their eggs. You can control the algae in your pool by applying products such as Algaecide or by increasing the amount of chlorine you use. Be sure to carefully follow the directions on the package of Algacide to determine the amount to apply to your pool. Also avoid swimming in the pool in the same suit you wore to swim in a lake or pond.

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Feline Reactions To Raid Flea & Room Spray

Raid flea treatments can be deadly to cats.

Symptoms of feline reactions to Raid flea pet or home treatments include: lethargy, depression, drooling, vomiting, seizures, and reddened, burned looking skin. Many serious side effects are due to overdoses in pet treatments or incorrect application of the product in the home.

The active ingredient of Raid is permethrin. Cats are extremely sensitive to this product, and even a few drops of concentrated permethrin are lethal. Read the label before you purchase any product.

Raid Spray

In a concentration of 0.1 percent, pyrethrin is safe for cats. Raid Flea Killer Plus home and carpet spray contains a concentration of 0.140 percent pyrethrin. People apply this to all fabric surfaces, including pet bedding. The spray can linger in carpets for months after being applied. Raid and other home sprays can adhere to cats' fur, which they can lick off and ingest. This can lead to a toxic overdose.

Permethrin and Pyrethroids

Permethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid. Pyrethrins are compounds of six pyrethroids used in insecticides and is toxic. Pyrethroids break down the sodium ion channel in nerves, leading to paralysis and death when ingested by insects. They also lead to similar symptoms in humans. Cats and other animals have enzymes in their blood that rapidly break down pyrethroids. They are able to remove the toxic quality of the chemical before it affects them. Permethrin and pyrethroids can last for 2 ½ months in carpets. The Journal of Pesticide Reform says "cats are particularly susceptible to permethrin poisoning because their livers inefficiently detoxify this insecticide."

Organophosphates

Organophosphate products block the breakdown of acetylcholine, which interferes with the nerve signals in the brains of insects, pets and humans. The resulting build-up of acetylcholine kills the insect, and can cause death in pets and humans. Cats are very vulnerable to organophosphates, because they lack enzymes for metabolizing or detoxifying these chemicals. The NRDC says "a cat's small size and unique behavior--in this case, grooming--work against them as well, making them particularly vulnerable to OP poisoning."

Feline First Aid

If you know your cat is reacting badly to Raid or another flea or pet treatment, wash him in warm, soapy water to remove any residue of the treatment. Use thick rubber gloves when you wash your cat, he is likely going to struggle and claw at you. Use Dawn or Ivory soap and make sure not to get it in his eyes. Take him to your veterinarian afterward.

Call your veterinarian for advice on what to do if your cat is exhibiting minor symptoms (rash, drooling or depression), as these symptoms can also be caused by other diseases or illnesses. If your cat is having a seizure, is vomiting or unconscious, take him to your veterinarian immediately. Tell your veterinarian about any pet or home flea treatments you have used in the past six months.

Other Considerations

Before using a pet or home flea treatment, discuss the product with your veterinarian. Always follow directions for doses and use. Never use flea treatment products on kittens, or pregnant, sick or senior cats. Never use products labeled for small dogs; they contain higher doses of permethrin.

Consider using an organic, nontoxic flea treatment, such as Diatomaceous Earth, or vinegar or citrus based sprays. Vacuum and wash bedding every three days, and comb your cat every day.

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What Insects Does Citronella Affect

The potent scent of citronella covers the smell of skin.

For more than 50 years, citronella has been used in lotions, sprays, candles and rubs to deter biting insects. A safer alternative to the traditional DEET insect repellants, citronella oil is extracted from the dried grass Cymbopogon nardus. The Environmental Protection Agency approved citronella oil in 1999 as safe for the environment and for human use.

Mosquitoes

Most commonly found in mosquito repellents, citronella oil coats the skin so that the mosquitoes cannot detect the carbon dioxide and lactic acid smell they associate with human beings. Unable to detect the skin, mosquitoes do not land or bite as they would otherwise. The length of efficiency depends on the other ingredients in the repellent, but it is typically less than half an hour.

Biting Flies

Citronella also affects biting flies, including black flies, deer flies, biting midges and sand flies. Use of citronella also prevents the small irritations that arise when flies too small and quick to see bite the skin. Citronella is especially useful when doing outdoor activities in areas with trees, but flies live anywhere and are out at all times of the day.

Fleas & Ticks

Citronella also keeps fleas and ticks at bay. Fleas are notorious for their ability to jump great heights to find blood, but citronella can keep the more than 2,000 species from knowing where to jump. Ticks, a type of blood-sucking arachnid, are often found in tall grasses where they crawl on people as they brush past. The citronella covers up the skin smell and can keep ticks from realizing they should be biting.

Tips for Use

Citronella has been known to attract bears, so it should not be used in areas known to have bears. People should test citronella oil and products containing citronella on a small patch of skin before it is needed and before use on larger areas. In some cases, citronella causes rashes, dermatitis, hives and asphyxiation. The Environmental Protection Agency declares citronella safe for use on children and sensitive populations.

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Effective Mosquito Repellent

Effective mosquito repellents are essential for enjoying the outdoors.

Mosquito repellents come in many forms, and myths abound concerning home remedies that claim to drive away the bothersome insects. Mosquitoes are first attracted by the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals and humans. Once mosquitoes fly closer, body heat guides them onward until their intended prey is sighted. Body odor, perfume and scented lotions also guide the insects toward their next meal. Repelling mosquitoes effectively is important for the enjoyment of outdoor summer activities. Does this Spark an idea?

DEET

Repellents containing N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide or DEET, have been on the market for over 40 years. When used according to package directions, DEET is a safe, effective chemical repellent for most. As with any chemical, DEET should be avoided by pregnant women and very young children. The percentage of DEET in a product is found on the product's label. Higher concentrations provide a longer period of protection, but formulations containing greater than 30 percent DEET are not recommended.

Protecting Infants and Young Children

The best protection for infants and toddlers is to keep exposed skin covered by loose fitting, light colored clothing. Strollers and buggies may be covered in mosquito netting to keep biting insects at bay. DEET at concentrations of less than 10 percent may be used for children over 6 months of age. Citronella and lemon eucalyptus oils are not recommended for children under 3. A 2 percent solution of soybean oil can protect children and adults of any age for 1 to 4 hours.

Debunking Myths

No scientific studies have been done to support the belief that wiping the skin with fabric softener sheets will repel mosquitoes or that eating garlic will keep mosquitoes away. Similarly, vitamin B1 is an untested repellent. According to Health Canada, citronella oil offers protection for less than 1 hour, and candles containing citronella only work in calm conditions and at very close range. The Citrus County Mosquito Control District of Florida reports that there are no known plants that protect against mosquitoes.

Electronic Devices

A study done by the University of Florida in 1997 found that bug zappers kill a great number of insects in a 24-hour period, but only 6.4 percent of a five-day insect catch were mosquitoes and only 3.5 percent were the female, biting insects. High frequency sounds have not been proven to deter mosquitoes. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission and the American College of Physicians both cite studies that prove the inefficacy of devices using this technology.

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Components In A Bug Zapper

Although not as effective as other types of traps that specifically target biting insects like mosquitos, bug zappers can make porches and open areas in humid areas tolerable, if not insect-free. Biting insects are attracted to the violet and ultra-violet light emitted by the lamp which, if all goes well, will be the last thing they ever see. Does this Spark an idea?

Protective Cage

One of the most misunderstood parts of the bug zapper is its protective cage. The protective cage is not connected to the electrical element, and serves as a sort of Faraday cage to prevent electrical arcing past the limits of the bug zapper even under highly humid or rainy conditions.

The Light

The light inside of a bug zapper is a fluorescent design, and is closely related to a black-light in that it's primary emissions are in the ultraviolet spectrum. While most would classify the type of light used inside as a "neon," it does not contain any neon gas. The only real difference between a standard black-light and those used in bug zappers are that the bug zapper light uses less expensive glass. The plain glass used in the zapper bulb blocks less of the visible mercury spectrum light, making them appear purple-blue to the naked eye (as opposed to the black-light's deep purple).

Voltage Multiplier

The purpose of the voltage multiplier is to take current from the home (which has very high amperage, but low voltage) and converts it to the over 2,000 volts requires to vaporize a bug. The multiplier does this with a network of capacitors and diodes, which receive their "charge" from the house circuit, and store the energy like a battery. The capacitors permit a more rapid discharge of high voltage/low amperage current than would be possible without them. The zapper's voltage multiplier works very similarly to those used in tasers, and can charge and discharge within milliseconds.

Power Grid

The power grid connected to the voltage multiplier is composed of a series of either horizontally or vertically arrange wires, spaced about 1/8 inch (3 mm) apart. The wires are alternated to the current, so that where one wire is connected to the positive side of the multipliers current, the next wire is connected to the negative side. This alternation continues all the way around the bulb. When an insect approaches the power grid, its body bridges the gap between the positive and negative wires and absorbs the current.

Impedance

The system's impedance is more of a design attribute than any specific component, but this property refers to the amount of voltage allowed to pass through the bug zapper over any given period of time. The system's impedance circuit is specifically calibrated so that the bug zapper will not be able to drive a dangerous current through larger mammals like humans.

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Repellent Plants

Rosemary is one of numerous naturally repellent plants.

Repellent plants naturally ward off insects and other animals, making them a welcome addition to yards and landscapes. Some repellent plants are offensive to numerous pests, while others only ward off one or two specific species of insects or animals. Gardening and landscaping using these natural repellents often negates the use of pesticides and other chemical repellents in a natural garden. Does this Spark an idea?

Pennyroyal

Pennyroyal is native to Europe and is an aromatic member of the same family of plants as mint. Pennyroyal is a ground cover plant with ovate leaves and small purple flowers. Pennyroyal boasts repellent properties for ticks, ants and aphids, though it may ward off other insects as well.

Garlic

Garlic is a culinary herb with a strong scent. The herb is well-used in culinary circles, though it is also effective in warding off several different species of insects. Garlic is a natural repellent for mosquitoes, ticks, mites, aphids, plum curculios and Japanese beetles. Garlic cloves are just as effective as the plant itself in warding off unwanted insects.

Catnip

Catnip, as with pennyroyal, is also a member of the mint family. This plant can grow to 3 feet in height when it receives enough sun. It is a perennial plant with lavender- or white-colored blooms. Catnip contains an element called nepetalactone, which has repellent properties. Its primary use is to ward off mosquitoes, though it is also effective at warding off cabbage maggots and cabbage moths.

Marigolds

There are several different species of marigolds, most of which have insect-repellent properties. The peculiar smell that marigolds are known for is what contributes to the plant's ability to repel several different species of insects. Among the insects repelled by marigold flowers are mosquitoes, Mexican bean beetles, whiteflies, eelworms, tomato hornworms and nematodes. Mexican marigolds, which feature bright-yellow flowers, are effective at repelling ticks.

Citronella

Citronella is well-known for its mosquito-repelling capabilities. It carries the nickname "mosquito plant" for this reason. Citronella can grow to a height of 2 feet and is an annual bloomer with lavender-colored flowers. Citronella is grown both indoors and out to ward off mosquitoes throughout the year. This plant is also regarded for its cat-repelling capabilities.

Rosemary

Rosemary is a large shrub, growing to between 4 feet and 5 feet tall. It is a fast-growing, drought-tolerant shrub with small gray-blue flowers. Rosemary has culinary uses and is also effective at repelling ticks and mosquitoes, along with a variety of other insects. Rosemary will effectively repel Mexican bean beetles, carrot flies, cabbage moths, cabbage maggots, snails and slugs.

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