Fix A Retractable Screen

Retractable screens are most commonly found in windows. These screens improve your view and let in more light. They fit snugly into the top of the window opening and are held in place by snap clips or magnets. And they move from side to side so the sliding window can stay open. Air can easily flow through the house and bugs are kept out. Repairing a retractable screen is a job any homeowner can take on with no problems.

Instructions

1. Unlock and open the sliding window. Move it so it is all the way open. Roll out the retractable screen so it is covering the open space and can easily be accessed without the window in the way.

2. Inspect the screen from both the inside and outside of the house to look for any damaged clips. Locate the spring mechanism at the bottom of the window. This pieces slides along the sill and keeps the window from moving when it is supposed to be stationary. Verify that it is in good shape.

3. Replace any window clips that are damaged. Pop them off with a flat head screwdriver and install new clips. Pop out the spring mechanism if it is worn and needs to be replaced. Pry it off with a flat head screwdriver and insert a new one in its place.

4. Slide the screen back and forth to see if it is working better. If not, remove the entire screen for further repair. Push down slightly on the screen and pull back from the inside of the house to remove it from the track. Inspect the screen to look for damage on the frame.

5. Wipe off any dirt and debris that may be causing it to slide improperly with a clean rag both on the screen and in the track. Reinstall it back into place. Set the bottom section in and push down so the top can fit into the track. Test it out again and if it is still not working properly remove it just like in the previous step and install a new screen in its place.

Tags: flat head, flat head screwdriver, head screwdriver, Inspect screen, retractable screen, sliding window

Free Pest Control Remedies

Something as simple as cucumber can keep ants out of the home.

Pests of all kinds can quickly ruin a garden, lawn or home. Nobody wants bugs in their home, but not everyone can afford to call an exterminator. By the same token, many people don't want to use harsh chemicals to drive out pests in the home. Instead, some people prefer to turn to natural pest control measures to keep their homes pest free. These methods are all virtually free ways to keep pests away. Does this Spark an idea?

Ant Remedies

Ants are one of the most frustrating pests to have invade your home, and can often be difficult to get rid of. Many people do not want to use sprays or ant traps, especially if they have children or pets around. However, cucumber peels can be used to keep ants away from a house. Use an ample supply of peel along walls and wherever you notice ants entering the home to keep them away. Vinegar can also eliminate ant problems. Surfaces that have had ants on them should be washed with water and vinegar. Vinegar can be placed along doorways and windows along with the cucumber peel to help keep ants away. The good thing about cucumber peel is that if you ever cook with cucumbers, you can simply save the peel. That makes this a basically free way to prevent ants. While vinegar will still cost you something, it is still extremely affordable.

Bedbugs

If you're fighting off a bedbug infestation, it can be very difficult to be sure that you've removed them completely from your home. While mattresses may need to be disposed off, bedding and linens that they have gotten into can be cleaned in such a way as to prevent any bedbugs from surviving. The key, is to use dry heat to destroy the bedbugs. Anything that you can't wash can instead be put in the dryer and dried for at least twenty minutes. This should be more than enough to kill any bedbugs that might otherwise survive to perpetuate the infestation. The only cost to you is the cost of the power to run your dryer.

Termites and Cockroaches

Boric Acid is safe and and readily available for household use. Mix Boric acid with propylene glycol to create a potent blend for eliminating termites from a home. It will penetrate wood in order to prevent termites from infesting it further. Boric acid is also useful in killing a number of other pests, such as cockroaches. It can also be used to treat carpets that have been infested with fleas. Several marketed insecticides use boric acid as the active ingredient. While not free, purchasing Boric acid and propylene glycol to make a termite or cockroach remedy will be much less costly then the similar commercial products on the market.

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Stages Of Bed Bugs

Typical bed bug breeding ground

Nobody likes the idea of a bed bug infestation. However, these tiny invaders can be found, in abundance, all over the world. Once in a home, they invade warm, dark spaces (like beds), searching for warm-blooded creatures to supply their daily meals. Once the invasion begins, a chain reaction of breeding begins and has the potential to get out of hand quickly.

Egg

Over the course of her lifetime, a typical female bed bug has the capacity to lay 300-500 eggs, typically at a rate of approximately five per day. Beds are often prime locations for egg laying, as females prefer to deposit eggs into dark crevices and rough, uneven surfaces. These tiny eggs (roughly 1/25 of an inch) will hatch after an average of ten days.

Nymph Stage

Freshly hatched bed bug larvae are known as nymphs. When they first hatch, these tiny creatures are a pale beige color. Upon hatching, nymphs will immediately begin searching for food. Nymphs will die quickly if they are not successful in finding a blood host. They typically find a meal in the humans which share their space. After feeding, the nymphs develop a reddish color and begin their growth stages.

Molting

During the larval phase, bed bugs will generally take a blood meal every 24 hours. As they continue to feed and grow, they shed their exoskeltons to make room for the new exoskeletons beneath. This growth process is known as molting. Past the nymph stage, bed bugs will go through an additional four stages of molting before becoming full-fledged adults.

Adult

After a few weeks of feeding and molting, larvae become fully grown adult bed bugs. Once bed bugs reach the adult stage, they can be surprisingly resilient, sometimes living for several months without a single blood meal. In ideal conditions, they are known to be hearty and thrive for long periods of time, perpetuating a vicious cycle of feeding and reproduction that can be a nightmare to eradicate.

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Which Bugs Can Baby Koi Eat

Koi are omnivorous and will feed on a variety of bugs.

Baby koi, like their parents, are omnivorous and will happily feed on a variety of insects as well as plant matter. Koi enthusiasts can fortunately either collect or culture the bugs which their developing koi require. Brine shrimp and white worms are particularly easy to culture, while water fleas and mosquito larvae can be found in most bodies of water, including water containers standing in the average garden.

Brine Shrimp

Koi fry will be free swimming at a week of age. These tiny fish have not yet developed taste buds at this early stage of development and rely on sight to source their food. Newly hatched brine shrimp are an ideal food for koi of this age. Brine shrimp are found in the great salt lakes in North America. The eggs, which look like fine pepper, are readily available through pet dealers. These eggs are hatched in a salt solution and the day old shrimp, which still have their yolk sacks, are highly nutritious. Week old koi should be surrounded by brine shrimps, so they can feed without having to expend excessive energy looking for food items.

Daphnia

Daphnia are water fleas which are small enough to be easily eaten by baby koi. These tiny creatures are abundant in natural ponds and dams, mainly because females do not need to be fertilized by a male in order to produce young. Through the process of parthenogenicity, each female can produce up to 10 identical offspring and young females can begin reproducing at four days of age. Daphnia can be cultured in buckets, but can normally be found in plentiful supply in nature. These water fleas have a protein content of approximately 50 percent, but this can be boosted with the use of commercial formulas, if the daphnia are being cultured.

Mosquito Larvae

Mosquito larvae hatch from eggs which float on the water surface. The larvae remain in water, but need to surface in order to breathe. Mosquito larvae, which are typically seen hanging at the water surface, shed their skin a number of times before changing into pupae. These larvae feed on micro-organisms in the water and are readily consumed by baby koi. Mosquito larvae can easily be collected from almost any container that holds water. Aquarists tend not to culture this food source.

White Worms

These tiny worms range in size from approximately 3/4 inch to 1 ½ inch in length. They are relished by baby koi and are easy to culture. White worms will propagate in a mixture of soil and peat moss, in a small plastic container or bucket. White worms have a protein content of almost 70 percent and should be fed as part of a more complete diet and not as a sole food item.

Tags: Mosquito larvae, These tiny, water fleas, easy culture, eggs which, feed variety

Pyrethrum Daisy As A Pesticide

Pyrethrum daisies act as a natural pesticide.

The pyrethrum daisy, better known as a chrysanthemum, has long been known to have insecticidal properties. The flowers naturally repel a number of pests, from fleas to lice to mosquitoes. While it is certainly a beautiful and colorful addition to any garden, the pyrethrum daisy is also one of nature's strongest, most effective insect repellents. Does this Spark an idea?

History

The use of pyrethrum as a natural bug repellent dates back hundreds of years. First used in the Middle East, pyrethrum was frequently dried and traded on the Silk Route. As the flower's popularity grew, it moved into Europe, where it continued to be used for its pesticidal properties. By the time World War II began, pyrethrum daisies were harvested as a natural pest repellent for the allied forces.

Harvesting Pyrethrum

Pyrethrum is harvested from the seeds in the center of the pyrethrum daisy plant. The oil is found on the seed cases, which are first dried and then pelletized and crushed. Afterward, oleoresins are extracted, which contain pyrethrin, the active pesticidal ingredient found in pyrethrum.

How it Works

Pyrethrin is a naturally occurring neurotoxin that can affect the nervous system of all insects at its strongest concentration. Pyrethrum causes the insects to lose control, paralyzing and sometimes killing them. When the substance is less concentrated, it effectively repels mosquitoes, mites, ticks, fleas, lice, ants and more.

Pyrethrum Today

Advances in technology have allowed us to expand on the use of pyrethrum for widespread mosquito control. Pyrethrin is often combined with other chemicals to create a synergized pyrethrin, which intensifies the pescticidal properties and has a more lasting effect than pyrethrin alone.

Growing Your Own

Pyrethrum daisies are relatively easy to grow, whether you choose to start the seeds indoors or sow them outdoors. The flowers grow up to 24 inches tall, with white petals and yellow centers. The most important consideration when growing your own pyrethrum daisies is the amount of sun and warmth the plants will receive. You can maximize the insecticidal value of these flowers by planting them in the warmest, sunniest spot in the garden.

Considerations

When planting in your garden, this plant can be extremely effective at keeping away the pests. However, one consideration to keep in mind is whether your plants actually need bugs for pollination; planting pyrethrum daisies too close to vegetables and flowers may actually prevent pollination.

Tags: pyrethrum daisies, fleas lice, pyrethrum daisy

Quality Inspection Objectives

Quality inspections can be done on products or repairs.

Quality inspections can be an essential part of any industry, but they are most commonly associated with the manufacturing and production industry. Routine inspections are typically conducted as a daily, weekly, monthly or yearly quality inspection audit that may be focused on worker productivity as well as the quality of a finished product such as a manufactured toy or piece of clothing. Quality inspection objectives vary depending on the company's primary objective, but most quality inspections are designed to promote business profitability. Does this Spark an idea?

Improve Quality

A business cannot succeed unless it is profitable, and a company that fails to produce a quality product will lose their customer base and lower their overall profitability. One of the most important ways to sustain business profitability is to create a quality product or service that consumers can rely on, and one of the primary objectives of any quality inspection is to improve the quality of a product, service or procedure. As a company produces a product such as a running shoe, a quality inspection manager or team may be charged with the responsibility of testing that product as a consumer would in order to provide feedback on the durability of the product and the value to the consumer.

Reduce Error

According to QualityInspection.org, quality inspections are often designed to put a stop to major quality issues. If a manufacturing process continually produces a damaged or inferior product, a thorough quality inspection can help bring discrepancies and production errors to the forefront so they can be resolved. Likewise, if an established company procedure results in an excessive expenditure of company resources in one particular area, a quality inspection can help detect those imbalances and locate the root causes of issues so they can be rectified to reduce procedural errors that may be costing a business organization time and money.

Lower Costs

QualityMag.com also indicates that quality inspections and quality control departments are designed to help lower costs and thereby improve a company's profitability. Experienced quality inspection professionals often have the knowledge and insight needed to implement procedures and practices that can improve worker production and also improve the quality of the product that is being produced. Producing a better-quality product results in fewer consumer complaints and fewer corrections of production errors, and allows a company to refocus the business resources into other areas of growth and development.

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Childfriendly Tick Repellent

Ticks are carriers of disease.

Ticks are dangerous pests that can transmit diseases through their bites. They hitchhike on a person or animal from their starting point of tall grasses or woodland brush. When they bite, they inject an enzyme that keeps the blood at the bite site from clotting, and they feed for three to six days if undisturbed. Then they fall off their host. When they get hungry, they catch a ride on a new host. They can transmit diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Does this Spark an idea?

Children and Repellents

Children are prone to picking up ticks if they play outdoors often. While the average lawn is not very conducive to ticks, they may still be found there. If you live in rural areas near woods or fields, you many be more likely to pick up ticks than if you live in a concrete-surrounded urban center. Children are also more susceptible to having adverse reactions to the repellents meant to protect them from ticks, and care must be taken when using repellents on them. Safeguards like applying the repellent for your child, not spraying directly on the child, avoiding getting it on their hands and faces and washing it off with soap and water as soon as they come indoors are all precautions that help keep kids safer.

DEET

DEET is the most common, and many believe the most effective, tick repellent available. In small percentages of children, it has been known to cause reactions like slurred speech, confusion and seizures. The American Academy of Pediatrics has stated that DEET in up to a 30 percent concentration is safe for use on children over two months of age, as long as the above safeguards are implemented.

Botanicals

You may think just because a product is all-natural or herbal it is a better alternative as a tick repellent. This is not necessarily the case. Some oils are safe for use on kids; they include lemon grass, citronella and cedar essential oils. Other extracts used in bug repellents have not been tested extensively for side effects and should be used with great caution. Always check with your child's physician before trying out a new repellent, even if it is considered natural.

Nonchemical Measures

Dressing children in long sleeves and long pants, tucking pant cuffs into socks and keeping children out of the areas where ticks are known to thrive are child-friendly measures that do not involve potentially harmful chemicals. You may also create a tick barrier around your lawn by laying down a minimum width of 2 feet of stone or wood chips. Elimination of tick-carrying animals like deer and rodents is also helpful in creating a tick-free zone. Always do a physical check of children when they come inside from playing; check the scalp, behind the ears and behind the joints, in addition to the rest of the child's body. Keep ticks off your pets, as well, as the pests can crawl from a loving dog onto a child during playtime.

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Keep Plastic Rain Barrels From Freezing

Rain barrels, designed to catch runoff from buildings, are often made of plastic. In weather that consists of prolonged freezing temperatures, there is a risk that a water-filled rain barrel could freeze and crack -- permanently disabling the barrel for further collection use. Fortunately, you can winterize the container in advance of freezing weather and eliminate any risks that might lead to ruining your rain barrel. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Disconnect the downspout from the rain barrel and connect an extension downspout that will allow you to direct the rainwater away from the building's foundation.

2. Drain the rain barrel completely of water. If the barrel doesn't completely empty via the downspout, tilt it over and drain it the rest of the way.

3. Turn the barrel upside-down and leave it outside, or store it in a covered area -- such as a shed or garage -- if possible.

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Components Of Cutter Insect Spray

Mosquitoes are more of a health threat than any side effects of Cutter.

Cutter is a brand of insect sprays for use on humans and their environment to repel mosquitoes and other insects. Their products include Cutter Skinsations, Cutter Advanced, Cutter All Family, Backwoods Cutter, Cutter Backyard Bug Control, and Cutter CitroGuard. The Centers for Disease Control recommends the use of mosquito repellents for prevention of west Nile disease in the U.S. and malaria and dengue fever in other countries. The ingredients have been thoroughly tested for safety and the results do not indicate that they are a health hazard. Does this Spark an idea?

DEET

DEET, N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, is a yellow oil. It has been used in insect repellents for more than 50 years and is still said to be the most effective chemical available today for controlling mosquitoes, ticks and other bugs. It is endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and other organizations in the U.S. It has been studied extensively and has not conclusively been determined that it is harmful although some cases of medical afflictions have been attributed to the use of DEET.

Picaridin

Picaridin, KBR 3023, is an alternative to DEET. Developed by Bayer in 1998, it is light, non-oily and odorless. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends it as protection against malaria. Sprayed onto the skin, it forms a barrier so insects cannot find your skin. It is effective against mosquitoes, flies and ticks. According to the manufacturer, Picaridin is non-toxic, is not a skin irritant and you do not need to wash it off after use.

Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus

Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, menthane 3,8-diol, is a natural plant-based insect repellent oil from the leaves of Eucalyptus citriadora. It has been widely used as an insect repellent since the 1980s and is popular because it has a pleasant feel to the skin and a fresh citrus smell. The active ingredient in Cutter Citro Guard, it is less likely to cause skin irritation than DEET.

Lambda-Cyhalothrin

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a pyrethrin-based insecticide used in Cutter Backyard Bug Control to kill flying insects and ticks. It is more toxic than DEET and Picaridin and spray operators should use a mask and protective clothing and wash their skin well after application. Pyrethrin-based insecticides are plant derivatives and are less toxic than many man-made insect control chemicals.

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Does Vitamin B1 Repel Mosquitoes

Whether it's the beginning of spring, the heat of summer or cooler fall days, mosquitoes seem to have no trouble finding you. You've tried the repellents, but don't like the smell or the feeling of them on your skin. You want an alternative and there are many websites that will tell you to take vitamin B1 to repel the little buggers, but does it work?

Mosquito Facts

The American Mosquito Control Association has studied mosquitoes extensively. Mosquitoes are more attracted to some people more than others. Dark clothing attracts mosquitoes and they are able to bite through tight fitting clothing. Standing water attracts mosquitoes and gives them a place to breed.

Vitamin B1 Facts

Vitamin B1 is one of eight B vitamins. It is also called thiamine. As with all the other B vitamins it converts food into energy, B1 is also responsible for protecting your immune system. The average recommended daily amount of B1 for adults is 1.5 mg, any more than that will be secreted by your body through sweat.

What is the Claim?

There have been studies done in the quest to find out if taking vitamin B1 will repel mosquitoes. The unsubstantiated claim is that when you take up to 300 mg of vitamin B1 per day your body will secrete an odor undetected by humans, but that mosquitoes find abhorrent and will result in keeping the mosquitoes away.

The Results

Unfortunately there is not any proof to be found that taking vitamin B1 will ward off those pesky mosquitoes. The University of Wisconsin conducted studies with humans taking vitamin B1 in a laboratory setting. The outcome provided no evidence to suggest using vitamin B1 had any affect on the mosquitoes.

What Can You Do?

According to the American Mosquito Control Association the best way you can ward off mosquitoes is by following three rules: drain any standing water, dress in light colored clothing, as it's unattractive to most mosquitoes, and defend yourself using repellents approved by the Environmental Protection Agency, such as those containing the ingredient Deet and lemon eucalyptus oil. Check the repellent labels for the recommended usage for children. Repellants do not kill the mosquitoes, but they do help in keeping them away from you.

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Female & Male Fish Differences

Fish owners are sometimes curious about the sex of their fish.

As curious as some fish owners might be to learn the sex of their pet, determining the differences between male and female can be challenging --- and in some cases impossible. With the myriad species of fish, which all have different methods in determining sex, there are several sets of challenges. However, there are a few factors that will assist you in the process.

The Vent

The most universal way in determining the gender of a fish is to examine its vent. The vent is located between the anus and the anal fin. It is an opening that releases either eggs or sperm for reproduction purposes. Depending on the species, some male and female fish will have a slightly different color vent. With species like the julidochromis regani, males have an elongated vent that starts out wide on the top and becomes narrow at the bottom. With mouthbrooder fish, the female has a much larger vent than the male as it lays bigger eggs than many fish its size.

Anal Fin

Males that are livebearer fish like guppies and swordtails have a modified anal fin called a gonopodium, used for reproduction, which distinguishes them from their female counterparts that have a triangular anal fin. For male cichlids, their anal fins significantly larger than the female anal fin.

Lumps and Bumps

In some species, like the New World cichlids, the male fish have a large bump on the top of their head. During mating season, male goldfish also develop smaller bumps on their heads, denoting their sex. These bumps will be gone by the end of mating season. Don't mistake them for an illness or a parasite. As well as these little bumps, male goldfish can also be characterized during mating season by gill plates and pectoral fins that disappear by the end of the breeding season.

Size

In some cases, female and male fish can be differentiated by their size, and koi are one of these species. Female koi are generally much larger than the male koi.

Find out when your fish will be spawning, and notice the girth of their abdomens. A female fish will have a swollen belly if she is full of eggs.

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Life Cycle Of Deuteromycota

A source of penicillin.

There are some 25,000 species of Deuteromycota, or imperfect fungi, so called because their manner of reproduction is asexual and not understood. These fungi include numerous molds, one of which is the source of penicillin. Other variants cause fungal infection of the feet, jock itch and ringworm. Some species of the genus Deuteromycota are important for making Camembert, Roquefort and blue cheese. Does this Spark an idea?

Reproduction

The life cycle of all living organisms ultimately is based on their manner of reproduction. Males of both plants and animals behave one way; females behave in another. Deuteromycota (Greek for "second fungi"), is the name of a diverse group fungi that produce only asexual spores. The case of Deuteromycota is anomalous because researchers do not know how they reproduce; hence, the details of their life cycle is not understood.

The Perfect Phase

Mycologists refer to the sexual reproduction of a fungus as the "perfect phase." However, the sexual reproduction of Deuteromycota, a heterogeneous group of species of fungi that are otherwise unrelated to one another, never have been observed.

A Botanical Mystery

Because the sexual reproduction critical to understanding the origins and growth of any organism, including fungi, the life cycle of Deuteromycota remains unknown, a botanical mystery. Mycologists speculate that Deuteromycota have lost their sexual phase though the course of evolution, but this theory is unproved. It also is possible that researchers have been unable to replicate the right environmental conditions to observe the sexual phase.

Similarities to Other Fungi

Deuteromycota have long, threadlike tissues that form the body of club fungi and sac fungi. Their fine, branching tubes contain asexual spores. In this respect, they appear to be fungi. These asexual spores, conidia, are not produced by a sporangium, the source of spores produced by other fungi, but they do resemble the spores in the sexual phase of sac fungi.

DNA of Deuteromycota

The general relationship of species of Deutermycota to known fungi has been established by comparative analysis of their DNA sequences. But the critical function to their growth cycle and the details of how they reproduce themselves remain elusive.

Tags: asexual spores, sexual phase, sexual reproduction, Deuteromycota have, fungi that, have been, life cycle

Safely Kill Mosquito Larvae

Mosquitoes have painful bites and spread disease.

Mosquitoes don't just interfere with your ability to enjoy your yard. They are also transmitters of deadly illnesses, including heartworms and West Nile virus. In particularly hot and humid areas in the U.S., it is nearly impossible to eliminate all mosquitoes. However, by killing mosquito larvae before they develop into adults, you can dramatically reduce the number of mosquitoes living in your yard. There are several safe and environmentally friendly methods available for eliminating mosquito larvae. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Put mosquito dunks in standing water where mosquito larvae is developing. Mosquito dunks are harmless to humans and most pets, but they will quickly eliminate mosquito larvae. They are available at most home supply stores and many pet and pond supply shops.

2. Treat larvae developing in water bowls and ponds. Mosquito larvae growing in standing water is typically easier to treat than larvae that grows in water your pets use. There are, however, several safe methods for eliminating this larvae. Gambusias are related to guppies and eat mosquito larvae. They are an excellent choice for mosquito control in ponds.

If mosquito larvae develops in bird baths or pet water bowls, empty these bowls daily. Larvae thrive in standing water, particularly if it contains decaying matter. Add a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar each day after replacing the water to further cut down on larvae development.

3. Place mosquito deterrents in your yard. If adult mosquitoes find your yard to be inhospitable, they're unlikely to lay eggs in standing water. Citronella plants are small, easy to maintain and have a pleasant smell. They also repel mosquitoes. Plant them in areas infested with mosquitoes and near any standing water. Light citronella candles when you are in your yard to prevent mosquitoes from biting you.

Tags: mosquito larvae, standing water, your yard, larvae developing, larvae They, mosquito larvae They

The Effects Of Untreated Heartworms In Dogs

According to Rutgers University Cooperative Extension, heartworms are parasites that infect the heart and lungs of a dog. Heartworms are spread from an infected dog by a mosquito bite. The mosquito carries heartworm larvae, which it deposits into the blood with a bite. If not treated, heartworms can kill a dog.

Features

Heartworm larvae spend approximately 3 months growing in the dog's body. During that time, they migrate to the heart, where they can live for 5 to 7 years. An infected dog may have hundreds of heartworms. Heartworms grow from 9 to 14 inches in length.

Symptoms

Dogs may not show physical symptoms until the infestation is severe. Infected dogs eventually will cough, be lethargic and tire easily.

Diagnosis

A veterinarian will perform either a blood test for antigens produced by heartworms or antibodies that show the body is fighting an infestation. If the blood test is positive, X-rays to look at the lungs may be ordered to see if there is damage caused by the heartworms.

Treatment

According to Rutgers University, immiticide is the preferred treatment for heartworms. Immiticide is a drug that is injected into the dog's back muscles at intervals over a period of months. Rarely, surgery to remove the worms by hand may be required (see Resources).

Prevention/Solution

There are many prescription heartworm preventatives on the market. Preventatives control larvae and do not kill adult heartworms. Most preventatives are given monthly to dogs that live in areas prone to mosquitoes.

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Fatal Horse Diseases

Fatal horse diseases can be caused by viruses or bacteria, or by ingested plants. Some are highly contagious and transmittable to humans. Horse owners need to identify fatal horse diseases and take appropriate measures to prevent the spread of these deadly diseases.

Equine Flu

Equine flu (EVA) is a highly contagious viral disease associated with chest infections. It is transmitted by nasal discharge, coughing and snorting.

Poisonous Weeds and Plants

There are a variety of weeds and plants that are toxic to horses. Signs of plant poisoning are weight loss, labored breathing, dehydration and depression. A partial list of poisonous plants includes pokeweed, oleander, foxglove, buttercup, columbine and ground ivy (see Resources).

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) is a very deadly viral disease with a short duration of 2 to 4 days. This disease is carried and transmitted by mosquitoes, and affects the brain and nervous system.

Western Equine Encephalitis

Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) is found mainly in the west and midwest of the United States. This disease is similar to eastern equine encephalitis, but is less deadly and more transmittable to humans.

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (Vee) is another viral disease similar to eastern equine encephalitis and western equine encephalitis. Symptoms are also similar, but also may include circling, colic, paralysis and impaired vision (see Resources).

Equine Tentanus

Equine Tetanus is a neurological disease caused by soil bacteria. Transmitted through a cut or puncture, the bacteria produces a toxin that affects the nervous system. Symptoms include lockjaw, lameness, distorted facial muscles and sensitivity to noise.

Tags: Equine Encephalitis, viral disease, disease similar, disease similar eastern, eastern equine, highly contagious

Easy Care For Asparagus Seedling Plants

White and green asparagus in the market.

Asparagus are long-lived vegetable plants that grow from underground crowns and can produce healthy and edible asparagus stalks for up to twenty five years. When first planted, asparagus crowns can take three years to produce their first edible stalks, depending on your variety. Simple watering, feeding and soil maintenance through this establishment period ensures a productive asparagus patch in your garden for years to come. Does this Spark an idea?

Sun and Soil

Asparagus thrive in full sun exposure with at least seven to eight hours of unobstructed sunlight each day. If there is shade on your asparagus patch that prevents those needed hours, do some preventive pruning of overhead trees or competing plants and shrubs.

The soil around the crowns should be nutrient rich and well drained. Surface amend the soil around seedling asparagus plants once or twice a year with compost, well-aged manure or peat moss, and/or mulch with straw. This will boost the soil's nutrient and moisture-holding capacity without disturbing the plants as the amendments break down and percolate into the soil with watering.

Watering and Weeding

Water your young asparagus seedlings regularly and deeply, allowing water to soak the soil. Water deeply whenever the surface inch of the soil dries out. Depending on your climate and time of year, this can mean a watering regimen of every three to 7 days. This can seem like an enormous amount of water for a vegetable you cannot even see yet, but healthy asparagus roots can grow down into the soil to ten feet. Their healthy establishment ensures their long life as plants and vigorous vegetable production.

Each time you water, conduct maintenance hand weeding. If you have mulched with compost and straw, the weeds will already be kept to a minimum, but weekly pulling from the moist soil is easy and keeps weeds under control. If weed growth has built up significantly, use a small, three-tine cultivating fork or small rake to pull the weeds while not disturbing the plants themselves.

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Is Vicks Vaporub Safe

Vicks Vaporub, a topical cream or ointment, is the number one selling cold product for ages two and up according to its manufacturers. There are, however, several warnings and things to consider when using Vick's Vaporub.

Effects

Vick's Vaporub is used on the chest and throat; to relieve coughs due to the cold and on muscles: to relieve minor pain, according to it's manufacturers.

Considerations

According to its manufacturers, Vick's Vaporub, is for external use only. Do not use on broken skin, the mouth or in conjunction with tight bandages. It should not be used on children under two.

Safety

An article published in the Los Angeles Times on January 13, 2009 by Thomas H. Maugh II, outlined several situations where Vick's Vaporub has proved to be dangerous to kids under two, including a case where an 18 month old was brought to the emergency room for respiratory complaints after the product was applied.

Effects

In the article, Vick's Vaporub was found to increase mucous secretion by up to 59 percent in cultured cells and up to 14 percent in animals tested.

Significance

Vick's Vaporub has been used by thousands of people for many years without any problems, caution is advised only when using it on young children.

Tags: Vick Vaporub, according manufacturers, Vicks Vaporub, when using

Homemade Pest Repellent For Tomato Plants

Keep tomato plants bug-free with homemade insect repellent.

As warm-season vegetables that require long growing periods, tomatoes are at a disadvantage when it comes to pests. They thrive in the same conditions that are favorable to aphids, flea beetles, leaf miners and a number of other insects that attack and often damage the plants. Because tomatoes are edible, the use of control methods that don't have an adverse effect on your health is paramount. Although some commercial pesticides are labeled for use on vegetable plants, start out by spraying a nontoxic homemade repellent. It might be all you need to keep the bugs off your plants. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Puree 1 garlic head in 1 gallon of water, using a blender or food processor. A head of garlic is an entire bulb of cloves.

2. Strain the liquid blend with a sieve and discard the garlic pieces.

3. Pour the garlic solution in a spray bottle.

4. Spray the entire foliage on tomato plants, including the undersides of leaves, to repel aphids and other small insects, such as flea beetles.

Tags: flea beetles, tomato plants

Use Baking Soda To Trap Mosquitoes

Trap mosquitoes with vingar and baking soda.

Mosquitoes, a universal pest, are tricky to control since they reproduce rapidly in warm environments. It is believed mosquitoes bite people because they are attracted to the carbon dioxide humans emit. You can save money on commercial baking soda traps and replicate carbon dioxide with baking soda and vinegar to make a homemade trap for mosquitoes. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Cut off the top of the 2-liter bottle, just past the rounded part, about 4 inches from the top, using the utility knife.

2. Turn the top part you just cut off upside down, and set it in the bottle, lining the edges up.

3. Tape around the edges of the bottle to hold the two pieces together. You should have a funnel inside the bottle now.

4. Cover the outside of the trap with black paper, and secure it with tape. The black paper will confuse the mosquitoes once they are inside the trap.

5. Pour 1/4 cup baking soda and 1 cup vinegar through the funnel hole. It will begin to foam quickly. The bubbles create carbon dioxide, which attracts the mosquitoes.

6. Place the foaming trap where you have a heavy mosquito population. Mosquitoes will fly into the trap via the funnel hole and get caught inside. The trap is good for about one evening since the reaction between baking soda and vinegar is short lived. You can disassemble the trap, clean it and reuse it if desired.

Tags: baking soda, baking soda vinegar, carbon dioxide, soda vinegar, baking soda, black paper, funnel hole

Complain To The Mta

Complain to the MTA

get your concerns heard.

Instructions

1. You can call the toll-free complaint line for buses, 1-888-692-8287; a general local number, (718) 330-3322; and an emergency line for the M.T.A. Police Department (1-888-MTA-911-PD). The agency's goal is to respond to phone complaints within 14 to 21 days.

2. You can e-mail the M.T.A. at this link: http://mta-nyc.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/mta_nyc.cfg/php/enduser/ask.php

The agency's average e-mail response time is less than three days.

3. You can send snail mail to any of the addresses found here: http://www.mta.info/regularmail.htm

4. The M.T.A. has a walk-in center that takes complaints about subway and bus issues at 3 Stone Street in Lower Manhattan. Grand Central station houses a complaint center for issues having to do with the Metro-North railroad. If you have issues with the Long Island Rail Road, you can voice your complaints in person at Pennsylvania Station.

5. Lastly, you can complain to the employees. All 70,000 employees of the M.T.A. are able to take complaints and there is a system in place for them to pass complaints up the chain of command.

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Manage An Inventory Of Surgical Instruments

Proper management of hospital surgical instruments can be a daunting but beneficial task.

Lasers, scalpels, scopes and probes are all present during a surgical procedure, but have you ever wondered how the instruments got there and are maintained? Each hospital is in charge of monitoring, maintaining and sterilizing surgical instruments, and doing so can be a cumbersome task. However, detailed organization skills can make keeping up with thousands of surgical materials an easier task.

Instructions

Management and Designation

1. Centralize the management of instruments under one entity. Splitting tasks between two or more entities is counter-productive. Make a designation as to what entity is in charge of the management of supplies, materials and surgical equipment, and stick to it. Traditionally, Sterile Process (SP) personnel is in charge of the purchasing and budgeting for surgical instruments, and it is feasible for them to lead the management of surgical instruments.

2. Consult with your SP and scrub tech staff. Your staff are the individuals most in tune with what surgical instruments are used frequently, which instruments provide the most problems, and how many instruments are needed according to the operating room schedule. Your staff will help you discern which surgical instruments are most needed.

3. Employ a surgical instrument count sheet or instrument tracking system. Such systems are either free or your surgical instrument vendor can provide one. It is important to keep your count sheet accurate and avoid abbreviations or pet-names when listing instruments. For thorough instrument system records, provide the instrument's vendor catalog number as part of the instrument's description.

4. Staff someone for each operating room shift to manage the process of instrument sterilization. Having a manager over the important task of sterilization can save the hospital potential litigation. The person or entity in charge of sterilization must pinpoint the number of instruments needed daily, and ensure that the surgical instruments are in accordance with standards set by the Association of PeriOperative Registered Nurses (AORN).

5. Review your process of management and sterilization. Surgical instruments should not be worn or rusty. If the surgical instruments are not up to par, then there is a deficiency in your process. Realize that contaminated surgical instruments can lead to hospital litigation and remain persistent in your goals to manage. Identify any breakdown in communication and make changes to your management and sterilization process.

Tags: surgical instruments, count sheet, entity charge, instrument vendor, instruments needed, management sterilization

Difference Between Male & Female Lady Bugs

Telling the difference between male and female ladybugs is difficult.

While the name "ladybug" conjures up images of femininity, the belief that all ladybugs are female is a misconception. Ladybugs are also male, although it can be hard to tell the difference between them and their female counterparts.

Size Matters

The most obvious difference between male and female ladybugs are their sizes.

According to ladybuglady.com, female ladybugs are usually larger than male ladybugs. Ladybugs can range in size from 1 to 10 millimeters, according to ladybuglearningzone.com.

Mating

One way to tell the difference between male and female ladybugs is to spot them during mating. The smaller male ladybug climbs on top of the female, grabs the female's hard wings and holds on.

Knowing "For Sure"

Using a microscope, an entomologist---a "bug scientist"---can tell a male ladybug from a female. Among the differences, male ladybugs have an additional "notch" on their underside, more hair-like structures known as setae and large flexor bands, according to ladybuglady.com.

Why "Lady"bug?

The name "ladybug" was never meant to express the sex of the species. According to ladybuglady.com, Catholic farmers in the Middle Ages concerned about insects destroying the crops prayed to the Virgin Mary for help. When ladybugs saved the crops by eating the insects, the farmers called them "The Beetles of Our Lady," a name that eventually turned into "lady beetles."

A Variety of Ladybugs

There are more than are about 5,000 different species of ladybugs, according to ladybuglearningzone.com.

Tags: female ladybugs, difference between, male female ladybugs, according ladybuglearningzone, between male, between male female

Cultural Care For Vanilla Orchid Plants

Who doesn't love vanilla?

The vanilla orchid is one of the most beautiful and commercialized plants in the orchid family. Renowned for its ability to produce the vanilla extract used in baking and food processing, the vanilla orchid has become a favorite around the world after its initial discovery by the Aztec Indians around the 15th or 16th century. A true epiphyte, or air plant, the vanilla orchid loves the high humidity of the South American rain forest, where it grows rampantly as a vine. Thanks to advancements in horticulture, everyday gardeners and orchid enthusiasts can enjoy growing their own vanilla orchid in their home. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Provide your vanilla orchid with plenty of humidity and heat. Temperatures should be between 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit during the day and 60 to 65 degrees at night.

2. Prepare a proper soil medium for your vanilla orchid. Remember, the vanilla orchid is an air plant so it does not require, nor does it like, to be planted in a dense soil medium. The plant has a vine-like growth habit and, once established, will grow aerial roots to support itself. Purchase an orchid potting medium or, if you are preparing your own, backyardgardener.com suggests mixing three parts dust-free, medium-grade bark; one part coarse grit or perlite; one part charcoal; and one part peat moss.

3. Fill your orchid pot with your orchid potting medium. You can make your own orchid pot by taking a thin-walled plastic pot and cutting vertical slits in the side. Then, hold the orchid in your hand so that the crown is just below the rim of the pot and fill in your orchid potting medium. Lightly tamp the medium in place around the vanilla orchid.

4. Place an appropriately sized wooden stake or trellis for the orchid to act as a stake. This is especially important for orchid plants with long flower stalks. Additionally, staking is best to do when the plant is growing, before the buds open.

5. Water the orchid two to three times a week. However, keep in mind that the vanilla orchid's roots need proper air circulation or they can develop root rot. With time, you will be able to tell whether your orchid is waterlogged or in need of a drink.

6. Provide a full-sun to part-shade environment. Provide the plant with six to eight hours of direct sunlight and it will reward you with great growth.

7. Feed your vanilla orchid with 1/2 tsp. of urea-free 20-10-20 fertilizer every two weeks.

8. Prune the tip of the vine when the plant is almost 3 years old if you want it to flower. Vanilla orchids will not flower until the third year of their life, and pruning the tip slightly before that milestone ensures that it will produce flowers.

Tags: vanilla orchid, your orchid, vanilla orchid, your vanilla orchid, orchid potting

Feed Tropical Fish

Fish food options.

Feeding your fish with nutrients (which are as close, if not identical, to the food they eat in their natural habitat) is crucial to the health of your pets and the success of your fish-keeping hobby.

Fortunately, nowadays, you don't have to go to the wild to collect mosquito larvae or brine shrimp to feed your tropical fish. Different types of highly nutritious fish food are commercially available; all you need to do is understand your fishes' feeding requirements and follow these basic feeding principles.

Instructions

1. Do your homework. Check out your local fish stores to see what types of food are available and if they are ideal for the types of fish you keep. Different fish species have different food and feeding requirements. For example, herbivores require adequate fiber (from plants and algae); carnivores must consume a lot of protein (from meat slivers or small fish); some delicate species thrive only on live insects and worms.

2. Never overfeed. Drop food into the aquarium a little at a time, at regular intervals during the day, instead of releasing one "big meal" into the tank. Fish can only eat as much as their stomachs will allow, and typically, fish stomachs become full within three to five minutes from the time the food is brought into the tank. After that, leftover food will remain suspended in the water and start to decay. Pollution quickly progresses, and the integrity of the aquarium setup promptly deteriorates.

3. Feed them just enough. Be aware that fish can get obese from overfeeding and malnutrition. Give them only the quantity and quality of food that will ensure good health and nutrition. Some species, like catfish and cyclids, are prone to non-stop eating. For these types, food that is too fatty (like Whiteworms) should be given sparingly. Obesity can only lead to health problems.

4. Observe the fish at feeding time. Hyperactive fish and fast swimmers will get to the food quicker than the rest; juveniles will be more picky than adults; nocturnals only eat when it's dark; surface feeders will only eat floating food while bottom feeders will only eat sunken food. New fish might be too shy to eat with the rest, and sick ones could ignore the feedings altogether. Make sure that all the fishes are eating properly and adequately, by giving different types of food, feeding at different hours, or segregating fish with peculiar eating habits.

5. Vary the menu. Like humans, fish appreciate variety in their diets. Simulate natural habitats by giving your fish a variety of foods. By alternating or mixing dried or frozen food with live food and greens, you provide a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals and help promote good health.

Tags: types food, feeders will, feeders will only, feeding requirements, fish with

Catch Insects With Infrared Light

Insects can be a fascinating study subject or an irritating pest.

Insects' senses vary from mammals, and one of the most important traits they have is their ability to perceive heat. Insects, especially blood drinkers like mosquitoes, use heat detection as a means of hunting prey, focusing in on big heat sources like big animals as good food sources. Clever use of an infrared light source can give you a chance to either study the insects in your garden up close, or get rid of them. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Take a two-litre plastic bottle and measure 18 cm up from its base using a tape measure. Wrap the tape measure around the bottle to use as a guide to draw a circle around the bottle at the 18 cm mark using a marker. Take a utility knife and cut around the width of this circle, discarding the top of the bottle.

2. Take a roll of black masking tape and wrap it around the bottom of the plastic bottle until the bottom appears covered in black.

3. Wait until nightfall then turn on a battery-operated infrared light and place it at the bottom of the bottle in your garden.

4. Wait 30 minutes and then place a piece of 25 cm by 15 cm cardboard over the open end of the bottle to seal in the insects that have been attracted to the light.

Tags: around bottle, infrared light, plastic bottle, tape measure, your garden

Care For A Dog Who Has Allergies

Care for a Dog Who Has Allergies

Canine allergies are a lot like human allergies - dogs can react to things in the air, in their food or on their skin. Learn to recognize canine allergy symptoms, then provide your dog with needed relief. Here are a few steps to alleviate your furry friend's allergies.

Instructions

1. Look for allergy symptoms in your dog. The most common signs of an allergy to inhalants or fleas are frequent itching, chewing and biting, especially on the tail, the stomach, and the insides of the hind legs, as well as licking and chewing the paws. Inhaled allergies can also result in sneezing, coughing and watery eyes. Vomiting and diarrhea are usually symptoms of food allergies. Hives and rashes can be symptoms of various types of allergies.

2. Consider the season: Inhaled allergies erupt in the spring and fall. Flea allergies are most prominent during the flea season. (Summer is flea season in most areas.)

3. Take your dog to a veterinarian if you observe any of the above symptoms, especially vomiting or diarrhea, as they could be caused by a more serious underlying medical condition.

4. If you suspect an allergy to food, realize that typical canine food allergens include corn, beef, dairy products, wheat and soybeans. Talk to your veterinarian about putting your dog on a special protein diet to determine which food your dog is reacting to. Follow the veterinarian's guidelines to gradually introduce other foods into the diet until the allergen is found. Your veterinarian may also recommend food allergy tests to find the allergen.

5. If you suspect an allergy to inhalants, vacuum and dust frequently. Culprits include dust, mold spores, pollen grains, and household chemicals such as carpet cleaner and air fresheners. Treat your dog to a cool bath, and shampoo or rinse with aloe vera or oatmeal to help soothe the itchy skin. Your veterinarian may also recommend antihistamines or drugs to keep the itching at bay while the skin heals and the allergen is diminished.

6. Check your dog for fleas, as your dog could be suffering from flea bite dermatitis (an allergy to a flea's saliva). Careful grooming and frequent examinations, not only for fleas but flea droppings, can help alleviate this allergy. Ask your vet about flea products such as sprays, shampoos, topicals and pills. Again, an oatmeal or aloe vera bath can help soothe the itching.

7. Consider the possibility of contact allergies. Some dogs are allergic to bedding (cedar wood chips and wool are two possible offenders), grass, or plastic food bowls. If your dog has acne on his chin and uses a plastic feeding bowl, consider switching to a steel, glass or ceramic feeding bowl.

Tags: allergy inhalants, allergy symptoms, aloe vera, also recommend, Care Allergies

Facts On The Crane Fly

The crane fly, or daddy long legs, is of the genus Tipula. There are thousands of species of crane flies, although they are hard to differentiate between the species. Most crane flies life span last only about 14 days but have been known to live up to a month. The main function for the adult crane fly is to mate. Shortly after mating, an adult crane fly dies. Does this Spark an idea?

Appearance

The crane fly has a grayish brown color body. Males have a smaller wingspan than females. The male may only has a 1¼- to 1½-inch wingspan, while a female's wings will span up to 2 inches. The wings are somewhat cloudy with a small white stripe along the edge. Adult crane flies can be as long as an inch and are often mistaken for a large mosquito. Crane flies have six long legs that can break, making it a fragile insect. Even though a crane fly looks like a mosquito, it does not bite humans.

Life Cycle

The adult crane fly comes out of pupae from the soil in late summer or early fall. The female crane flies mate and lay eggs within 24 hours of emergence. Larvae are also called "leather jackets" and hatch from eggs that feed on the roots of plants during fall. The larvae remain mostly underground but occasionally will come out at night to feed on plants in warm damp conditions. During the winter, they do not feed but in spring, they develop from larvae into pupa. In the pupa stage, they metamorphose into adults and emerge starting a new life cycle.

Diet

The adult crane fly normally does not eat but has been found to feed on plant nectar. The crane fly larvae diet is made up of decaying organic matter. The larvae will also feed on grass, roots from crops, sprouts from seeds, some flowers, vegetables and fruits. Crane fly larvae can be a problem to a lawn. The larvae feed on grass roots, damaging the grass, causing brown spots to materialize.

Habitat

The crane fly prefers damp wooded areas, streams or flood areas. Some species of crane flies can remain submerged in water for a limited time when their habitats become flooded. The larvae survive in different habitats. They can live in water or on land. They can survive living in springs, lawns, trees, streams or on moss and ponds. Larvae can also survive in wood in the forest or decomposing leaves. The crane fly is most active during the early evening when it is coolest and some species are active in the winter.

Significance

The crane fly benefits the ecosystem. The crane fly is food to birds, spiders and some carnivorous plants will feed on the crane fly. The larvae contribute by breaking down decomposing matter that enriches soil. The crane fly is used as fishing bait especially for trout fishing. Many artificial fishing lures are made to resemble a crane fly.

Tags: crane flies, adult crane, adult crane, crane larvae, feed grass, feed grass roots

Get Rid Of Fleas

Get Rid of Fleas

Fleas can transmit disease and cause tapeworm, so getting rid of fleas on your pet is a must for a healthy animal and a healthy home. Fleas prefer warm and humid conditions and is therefore more than a seasonal problem in some parts of the country. Follow these steps to help your pet and learn get rid of fleas.

Instructions

1. The best way to get rid of fleas is by prevention; fleas thrive in heat and humidity (and are most active in summer and fall), so assess your pet and his environment frequently.

2. Help prevent fleas indoors by vacuuming your home thoroughly and frequently, paying close attention to corners, cracks, crevices and basements. Dispose of vacuum cleaner bags conscientiously, as adult fleas can escape. Also, choose your pet's friends wisely; avoid animals you suspect may carry fleas. Dog parks are fun, but a move-able feast for fleas!

3. Remove any fleas from your pet using a fine-toothed pet comb designed for flea removal, and drop the fleas into soapy water to drown them.

4. Wash pet bedding in hot, soapy water weekly; this is the most likely site for flea eggs and larvae.

5. Prune foliage and keep grass trimmed short to increase sunlight, as flea larvae cannot survive in hot, dry areas. Remove any piles of yard debris close to your home.

6. Bathe pets weekly, if possible, to get rid of fleas. If bathing is not an option, speak to your veterinarian about appropriate alternatives.

7. Watch your pet for signs of flea trouble: excessive scratching and biting, especially around the tail and lower back, and possibly raw patches where the animal has been biting and scratching himself. Also watch for 'flea debris' (black, granular dried blood) and fleas themselves on your pet's skin.

8. Talk to your veterinarian about various treatments for your flea-plagued pet: a flea adulticide applied monthly to the skin; a monthly pill that prevents fleas from reproducing but doesn't kill adult fleas; and multipurpose products that prevent flea reproduction and control heartworms, hookworms, whipworms and roundworms. Also consider flea collars and flea powders.

9. Look into chemical flea-treatment products to apply by hand around the environment in spray or powder form. Ask your veterinarian for a recommendation on the best product and use it.

Tags: your veterinarian, adult fleas, fleas from, soapy water, veterinarian about, your home

Remove Sulfur Smell From Well Water

Well water can contain hydrogen sulfide, a gas that causes a rotten-egg smell

Sulfur is a naturally occurring compound created by bacteria that can be found in well water. The combination of oxygen and sulfur forms sulfates, which, when combined with hydrogen, forms hydrogen sulfide gas. This gas is the source for the rotten-egg smell found in some well water. The gas is generally not dangerous in the small doses found in water, but can cause nausea and illness in large doses. These concentrations are rare, but happen most often in tightly enclosed spaces, such as basements, well pits and well houses; venting these areas eliminates that risk. Hydrogen sulfide in water can be caused by several sources, so the method of removing the smell can vary. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Get the well water tested to make sure that sulfates are the cause of your problem. Occasionally, hydrogen sulfide is present due to bacteria from sewage or pollution and a water test will detect this. If coliform bacteria or nitrates are present, get advice from your local department of health on treat your water.

2. Determine the source of the gas. After being out of the house for a few hours, turn on your taps one at a time. If the smell comes only from the hot water or is in softened water, your water heater or water softener could be the source. If it comes from both faucets, but goes away in a minute, it is probably from sulfur bacteria in your water or pipes. If it is constant, then it is due to gas in your groundwater.

3. Remove the magnesium corrosion control rod from your hot water heater and plug the hole or replace with an alternative rod, such as an aluminum one. Have the heater cleaned out afterwards with a chlorine bleach solution to remove any sulfur bacteria residue---this is best done by a professional. Temporarily turn up the water temperature to 160 degrees to kill off any remaining bacteria in the heater.

4. Disinfect the water softener or treatment systems using the method recommended by the manufacturer or installer. Different systems have different procedures and you may need to call in a professional.

5. Disinfect the well with a shock treatment of chlorinated water. Depending on the level of bacteria in the well itself, you may need to have the well walls scrubbed in addition to chlorination treatment. Consult information, such as the Minnesota Department of Health's fact sheet on disinfecting a well, or consult with your local department of health or a professional.

6. Install a filter to remove hydrogen sulfide. Low levels of 1 to 5 parts per million (ppm) can be removed with an activated carbon filter. Higher levels of up to 7 ppm are best handled by an oxidizing filter that uses manganese dioxide coated sand to change the gas into sulfur particles that are then trapped by the filter.

7. Inject an oxidizer, such as potassium permanganate or household bleach, into the water source upstream from the storage tank so that the chemical is in contact with the water for 30 to 45 minutes. Speak with a professional or your local department of health for placement advice. This should be used in conjunction with a filtering system that removes sulfur particles and excess chlorine.

8. Use an alternative water source if the groundwater is the culprit. Since the bacteria are present in the area of rock where the well is contained, changing the location or depth of the well can have an impact on the amount of hydrogen sulfide. You may also have the ability to tap into public water for household use from your location; check with your local board of health or water authority.

Tags: hydrogen sulfide, your local, your water, department health, from your

Flea Bite Vitamin Prevention

Man's best friend is also a flea's best friend if we're not proactive in prevention.

It's agonizing to watch our furry friends infested with fleas. Prevention is the key. If you want to avoid dangerous pesticides, there may be another way. Vitamins might not keep your dog flea-free, but some homeopathic remedies might.

Garlic

Garlic is good for both humans and animals in keeping blood suckers at bay.

Garlic has long been known as an herbal remedy for everything from the Plague to keeping cholesterol in check. It can even be effective as a mosquito and flea deterrent. Only a little fresh garlic should be given to a dog, as it could cause discomfort or be toxic if given in large doses. Veterinarians, such as Dr. Richard Pitcairn in his book, The Complete Guide to Natural Health for Dogs and Cats, recommend about one chamber of garlic per 30 lbs, or about 1/8 tsp per cup of food.

Brewer's Yeast

Brewer's yeast is much like garlic, with medicinal properties that are known to be good for reducing cholesterol and boosting immunity. Because it produces a strong taste and odor, fleas are deterred. A teaspoon of brewer's yeast, according to Pitcairn, in a dog's food can go a long way in preventing flea infestations.

Black Walnut Hulls

The hull of the black walnut is loaded with medicinal properties and can be used as an antiseptic.

Black walnut hull has been known to beneficial due to the medicinal properties in its components: juglone, tannins and natural iodine. It's the tannins that make this effective in preventing flea bites in our canines. It's the tannin's bitter taste that repels fleas. Black Walnut Tincture can be found in health food stores. According to Dr. Hulda Clark, in her book, The Cure for all Diseases, one drop of tincture daily on the dog's food will keep the fleas away.

Tags: medicinal properties, been known, best friend, Black Walnut, preventing flea

Plant Herbs As Insect Repellents

Basil and other herbs can naturally drive off certain insects.

In general, the quickest way to keep insects away from your home or garden is to spray chemicals that can potentially harm plants, animals and people. Mother nature, however, has created her own bug repellent. If you know where to look, you can keep away pesky bugs by cultivating the right types of herbs. Everything from garlic to horseradish can repel insects. To keep away two of the most common and annoying garden pests--mosquitoes and flies--use catnip and basil. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

Mosquito Repellent (Catnip)

1. Till the soil in an area of your garden that receives sun for at least eight hours per day. Break up all weed roots as you till to a depth of at least 8 inches. Mix in equal parts compost for the soil you use to plant to improve drainage in your area.

2. Plant seeds for Nepeta cataria, or catnip. Bury each seed ½ inch to 1 inch below the soil surface, spaced at least 8 inches apart. Cover the soil with a 2-inch layer of compost to feed the new seeds.

3. Water the catnip seeds well to settle the soil. The soil should be completely moist, but not soaked. In the future, only water when the top 1½ to 2 inches of soil are dry; if you live in a heavy rain area, you may never need to water the catnip yourself.

4. Add a 2 to 3 inch layer of compost every three to four months to your catnip plot. With regular compost applications, do not apply any fertilizer to the catnip as this will overfeed the plants and can cause burning or stunted growth.

Fly Repellent (Basil)

5. Till the soil to a depth of 10 inches in an area of your garden that receives six to eight hours of sunlight per day. Mix in equal parts compost to soil in the area to improve drainage. Soak the soil the day before you intend to plant basil to prepare it for the new seeds.

6. Sow basil seeds to a depth of ¼ inch deep, spaced at least 8 inches apart. Water the soil lightly to help it settle around the seeds. The soil should be moist but not soaked.

7. Spread a 1 to 2 inch layer of organic mulch over the basil plot to prevent weeds and help the soil retain moisture.

8. Water the basil whenever the top 1 to 1½ inch of soil dries out. Water at the base of the plant so that the water seeps into the soil and does not sit on the leaves

9. Feed the basil with a 2 to 3 inch layer of compost every three to four months. Otherwise, do not use any fertilizer.

Tags: inch layer, layer compost, least inches, area your, area your garden, compost every, compost every three

Does Peppermint Oil Kill Pantry Bugs

Peppermint essential oils are effective insecticides.

Pantry bugs are many types of pests that attack stored foods. Rice weevils, spider beetles, flour moths and larder beetles are just a few pantry bugs that can multiply quickly year-round in some areas. These pests cause millions of dollars a year in stored food loss, according to the University of Florida. Peppermint oil can kill and control these insects when used in conjunction with other methods. Does this Spark an idea?

Locate the Hiding Places

Usually the first indication you have a bug problem is the sight of crawling or flying pests exiting cabinets. Having these bugs does not mean a house is unsanitary. Often large infestations have their origins in food purchased at the grocery store. From these packaged foods, pantry bugs can spread rapidly to other stored cereals and grains that are not sealed tightly. Inspect all suspicious food containers and remove any infected ones from the shelves.

Eliminating Pantry Bugs

Peppermint has powerful insecticidal properties that kill bugs, according to mint studies at Aristotle University in Greece. Remove all uninfected stored food. Spray pantry walls with peppermint oil to kill remaining bugs. Vacuum all storage area shelves and wash them with hot soapy water to remove insect debris. Pay close attention to corners or cracks where these bugs love to hide. To discourage future infestations, drop peppermint oil directly in these spaces. Let the oil dry and caulk over the cracks.

Keep Pantry Bugs at Bay

To keep bugs out of the pantry, make regular inspections of stored food. Make sure all containers are airtight. Flour and grains may be safer in glass Mason jars with screw-on lids. Use the oldest stored items first, rotating back to the newest. Do not keep too many foods on hand that you rarely use. Periodically clean up spilled cornmeal or cracker crumbs that can gather in a cabinet corner.

Peppermint Essential Oil

Essential oils like peppermint are environmentally friendly pesticides for use in agriculture and the home. A Canadian study released findings that show mint and other oils safely kill or repel flies, roaches and mosquitoes without the harsh smell of chemical bug sprays. Pulegone, one of peppermint's active ingredients, is the most effective as an insecticide.

Tags: stored food, Pantry Bugs, these bugs

Keep Birds From Eating My Tomatoes

Birds eating tomato plants as they ripen can be aggravating for vegitable growers.

When taking the time, energy and care to grow the perfect tomato plants, few things can be as discouraging as a flock of birds eating your crop. Birds are naturally attracted to the bright red color of tomatoes and will eat as many as possible when they are an abundant food source. Setting up net blockades, distracting the birds with shiny objects and even going so far as to preemptively pick the tomatoes can be ways of avoiding the birds' hungry attacks. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Place enough fine netting around the tomato plants to cover them. Use wooden stakes or nearby fences (if available) to attach the netting so that the wind does not blow it away. Make sure the netting reached the ground on all sides of the plant. Keep a close eye on the plants to ensure the birds' beaks are not getting through.

2. Hang several old CDs (compact disks) with fishing wire around the area containing the tomato plants. Make sure the CDs are within 3 feet of the plants. The shiny reflections of the CDs will scare birds away from the plants.

3. Pick tomatoes that are close to ripening (when they are the lightest shade of green/yellow) and place them on a sunny window sill of a closed window. The tomatoes will ripen within 3 days even off the plant, and the birds will not be able to eat them.

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Home Remedy For Bug Repellent For Plants

A wide variety of bug repellents are available for retail purchase, but these items can many times be too costly for our budgets. These products can also contain harsh chemical ingredients that can be harmful to ourselves, our families and our gardens, making it important to find alternative elements. Homemade bug repellents are a safe, inexpensive way to keep insects away from plants. Does this Spark an idea?

Garlic

Garlic is a strong herb that emits an unattractive odor to bugs. This makes the perfect bug repellent for your garden and plants. In a spray bottle, mix a solution of 2 cups water, 10 drops liquid dish detergent and 5 tablespoons garlic powder. Spray the solution directly onto plant leaves. The garlic will repel bugs, while the dish detergent will create an adhesive element that allows the spray to stick to plant leaves for an extended period of time. Repeat every one to two weeks as needed to keep bugs away from the garden.

Pepper

Pepper also emits a strong taste odor that bugs do not enjoy. Cayenne pepper, red pepper flakes or chili pepper all work effectively to repel bugs. Either sprinkle any of these powders around plants or mix a spray-on solution. For a spray-on repellent, mix 2 cups of water, 5 tablespoons of any of the above powder and 10 drops of liquid dish detergent. Spray onto plant leaves, and repeat as necessary to keep bugs at bay.

Eucalyptus Oil

Eucalyptus also works to repel insects, making it the perfect bug repellent. In a spray bottle, simply mix a solution of 1 cup water and 20 drops eucalyptus essential oil, and spray directly onto plant leaves. Add an optional cup of rubbing alcohol, which can be found in any grocery store or drugstore, as well as 10 drops of liquid dish detergent to create an adhesive spray that will easily stick to plant leaves.

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Chikungunya Life Cycle

Chikungunya fever is caused by infection of an Arbovirus, known as CHIKV. Other similar arboviruses cause dengue and West Nile fever. It is primarily transmitted through the bite of mosquitoes, specifically the species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, also known as the Asian tiger mosquito. It exists most notably in Africa, Asia and areas within Europe.

The Human Stage - Initial Infection

The bite of a female Anopheles mosquito introduces the virus into the bloodstream of the host. The virus will then fuse to the plasma membrane of permissive cells in the host.

The Cellular Stage

The virus will then enter into the cytoplasm of the cell and proceed to the nucleus. The virus enters the nucleus and deposits genetic material. The virus then replicates its genome within the nucleus. Once complete, virus particles will leave the cell, entering into the surrounding tissues and infecting other cells within the host. This is a cyclical process.

The Infectious Stage

Once the virus has proliferated throughout the body, and exists freely throughout the bloodstream, the host can then be considered infective. The virus is then transmitted to the vector, through a blood meal.

The Mosquito Stage

When a mosquito feeds on blood from an infected host, the virus will travel to the insect's mid-gut. There it will reproduce, then migrate to the mosquito's salivary glands. When the mosquito bites a new host, it will transmit the disease through its saliva into the wound, thereby starting the life cycle again.

Signs and Symptoms

Chikungunya fever generally presents with the characteristic fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, body and joint pain, and general malaise. The illness lasts anywhere from days to several weeks. Sometimes individuals infected with the Chikungunya virus may be completely asymptomatic.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Initial diagnosis can be made by observing the clinical manifestations of the disease, with confirmation of the diagnosis through microscopic examination of the blood of the infected host.

Currently there is no cure for Chikungunya fever. The disease is generally self-limiting and fatalities are few. Treatment is largely palliative, including rest, analgesics to reduce pain and anti-fever medications.

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Fever Headache & Body Pain

Fever, headaches and body pains can't be ignored.

Fever, headache and body pain are symptoms of many medical conditions ranging from the flu to West Nile fever or meningitis. The headache and the body pains are often symptoms of the fever itself.

Significance

According to the Merck Manual Home Edition, fever is a sign that the body has been infected with a virus, a bacteria, an allergen or parasites. It is one of the body's ways of fighting back against the invaders.

Other Symptoms

Because there are so many causes for a fever that also produces headaches and body pains, a doctor will need to know about any other symptoms present in order to diagnose the cause.

Time Frame

According to the Mayo Clinic, if anyone over two years old has a fever for more than three days, he needs to contact a doctor. The time frame is one day for any child under two years old.

Misconception

According to the Mayo Clinic, a high fever does not always mean that the condition is life threatening. There are serious conditions such as lymphoma that can produce a low fever, headache and body pains.

Warning

If the fever is accompanied by a stiff neck, nausea and/or a skin rash, go to the hospital immediately. You could have meningitis, which is potentially fatal.

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Build Wire Catfish Traps

Catfish are naturally attracted to caves and holes where they rest.

Catfish can be caught using many different styles, including rod and reel, hand fishing --- also known as noodling --- and traps. Trapping is a passive way of catching fish. The trap sets and waits for a catfish to enter with very little work from the trapper required. Making catfish traps is a fairly simple task that can be completed in short period of time. Trapping catfish is not legal in all states. It is important to check with your state laws prior to creating and trapping any fish.

Instructions

1. Determine if it is legal to trap catfish. Many states have laws regarding the trapping of fish. Check with your state's Fish and Game Department to find out any regulation regarding trapping of catfish in your area.

2. Cut wire mesh into six rectangular sections. Any wire mesh purchased from a hardware store should do. The holes in the mesh need to be small enough to not let the fish escape through them.

3. String wire through each section of the wire mess to create a box. The size of the box will be determined where you fish. Catfish prefer areas with slow-moving current. The sides of ponds and lake shorelines are great spots to fish. The trap does not need to be large and should be easy to set and access.

4. Cut a square hole in the back of the trap so that the fish can be removed after it is trapped. Replace the cut-out section and attach with wire. Create a hinge on top by looping the wire continuously. Use the wire to create a loop or a latch to hold the screen in place.

5. Cut to lines in the shape of an "X" into the front of the trap. Push the sections toward the inside of the trap. This will allow the catfish to enter into the trap. The sharp sections created by the cuts will keep the catfish from escaping.

6. Bait the trap with dead fish, bread or corn; catfish are not picky eaters. The bait should be located at the back of the trap, enticing the fish to enter. Add rocks to the bottom of the trap if it needs to be weighted down. Attach a rope to the trap that is then attached to something permanent, such as an anchor in the water or a tree on land.

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Health Risks Of Electronic Pest Control

The range of different types of electronic pest control devices is seemingly endless, with everything from electric fences to electronic motion detectors and animal repellents. While electronic fences and other deterrents can pose health risks, it is the emitting type of devices that come most often into question. These devices work in one of two ways: They emit an odor that is unpleasant to insects or animals while pleasant to humans, and the other which emits ultrasonic sound waves that deter or repel pests.

Odor-Emitting Electronic Pest Control

Electronic pest control devices that use odor to either repel, confuse or detect pests have health implications. The chemicals used, especially the ones used as repellent, can contain carcinogens or other airborne pollutants. There are chances of accidental skin contact by someone who has allergies to one or more of the chemical components. There haven't been any conclusive studies about the possible effects of any of these chemicals on the environment.

Sound-Emitting Pest Control

Sound-emitting pest control devices emit a high-frequency, highly directional squeal that can easily cause distress to pets. They only work in areas where the sound is not blocked and some are strong enough to affect not only your area but that of neighbors. The sounds are inaudible to humans, except in rare cases, but are clear when heard by microphones and recording devices. They can cause distortion over telephone lines. Some customers with hearing aids have complained that these devices cause distortion. It is also possible that these devices can confuse some burglar-alarm systems, sending false signals.

Precautions

All in all, these devices are safe. Like any type of equipment, electronic pest control devices should be used under proper conditions. If you have someone at home with allergies, check the chemicals used. If you have people at home with hearing aids or pacemakers, check with both your doctor and the manufacturer for any possible problems. Read the manual thoroughly and make sure the settings are for your property so as not to cause problems with your neighbors.

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Prevent Sand Fleas From Biting

Enjoy a trip to the beach without worrying about biting sand fleas.

Sand fleas can easily ruin a day at the beach. Also known as sand flies or no-see-ums, the small creatures are parasites that feed on the blood of humans and animals. They are 1/8-inch long and difficult to see, but their bites can be painful and sometimes lead to infection. Severe pain, swelling, itching, welts, hives and fever can occur. Take a few easy precautions to prevent sand fleas from biting.

Instructions

1. Wear socks, a long-sleeved shirt and long pants to prevent sand fleas from biting the skin. Sand fleas often bite exposed ankles.

2. Visit the beach after sunrise and before sunset to lessen chance of exposure.

3. Avoid areas with large amounts of seaweed on the shore. Sand fleas congregate near washed-up seaweed.

4. Use insect repellent that repels fleas, not just mosquitoes.

5. Place a towel or mat on the sand before sitting down. If using a chair, rest feet on a towel, mat or a raised platform, such as a cooler.

6. Listen for sand fleas. The parasites make a high-pitch whining sound. If you hear the noise, move away from the area.

7. Avoid using incandescent light bulbs outside as they attract sand fleas and other insects at night.

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Feed Mosquito Larvae To Goldfish

Goldfish readily eat mosquito larvae.

Goldfish are omnivorous fish that eat a wide variety of foods in nature. They are beneficial pets in outdoor water gardens and ponds because they help control mosquito populations around home landscapes by feeding on mosquito larvae. Pet goldfish kept indoors, however, require special care. You must capture and harvest mosquito larvae yourself to feed to the fish. Catching mosquito larvae is an economical way to supplement a regular goldfish diet.

Instructions

1. Fill up a plastic bucket of water and place it in a shaded location in your landscape. Adult female mosquitoes prefer to deposit their eggs in quiet, undisturbed locations from early spring through fall.

2. Sift the surface of the water with a fine mesh fishnet, using a swift motion through the water. Mosquito larvae usually float near the surface of the water and wriggle slowly around, but will quickly swim to deeper water using an inch worm-like movement when disturbed. Mosquito larvae may be difficult to see if the bucket is not in direct sunlight.

3. Inspect the fishnet under sunlight and look for the larvae wriggling around. Mosquito larvae grow to be 1/2 inch long and are easily visible to the unaided eye in small nets.

4. Rinse the larvae off the net and into a small glass container.

5. Cover the glass container with plastic wrap and secure the top with a rubber band. Mosquito larvae do not need breathing holes in the plastic.

6. Store the mosquito larvae in the refrigerator to slow the development process. Mosquito larvae usually take one to four weeks to develop into adult mosquito's, depending on the water temperature.

7. Siphon up mosquito larvae from the glass jar using an eyedropper and release them into the aquarium whenever you are ready to feed your goldfish.

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Dusk To Dawn Outdoor Lights Instructions

Dusk to dawn lights are perfect for homes in dimly lit areas.

Dusk to dawn lighting is used by a number of homeowners for safety purposes. Dusk to dawn lights on the outside of a home help eliminate the threat of burglaries or trespassers. The lighting is easy to use and comes on automatically at night and goes off during morning sunrise. Having a dusk to dawn light saves you the trouble of turning a light on each night and then off in the morning. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Locate your home's circuit breaker panel. The panel houses all of the electrical breakers that help power your home's exterior and interior. Turn the power off at the breaker. If you are unsure of which breaker turns off the current light you may have outside, see if the light comes on when the switch is moved to the on position.

2. Remove the current light from where you want to place the dusk to dawn light. Use a screwdriver to unscrew the screws that stabilize the light in place. Untwist the wires from the old light to where they connect to the house. Check the wires for any cracking or dark spots that show signs of burning. Replace the wires if necessary using new electrical wire in place of the old.

3. Take the dusk to dawn light from its box or casing. Twist the new light's wires together with the wires from the house. Make sure the wires are connected as they were before, matching up each color with the other. Usually, white goes to white and black wires are paired with blacked wires. The last wire goes to whatever color is left.

4. Insert the wires into the hole or pipe that goes to the house and place the new light in place. Make sure the light's casing is intact around the connection where the wires go. Line the casing up with the screw holes and then insert the screws and tighten them in place with a screwdriver.

5. Turn the circuit breaker back on. The light should have a sensor over it that can detect changes in light, which will trigger it to come on once it is dark and go off at dawn. You can place your hand over the sensor to make sure the light works or wait until the sunsets to see it work automatically. Check the wires with a voltmeter if the light does not work.

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Repel A Flying Insect Naturally

Keep biting bugs off all summer.

Insects like mosquitoes, gnats and bees are not only bothersome, but their bites and stings can cause welts that itch for days. Although products that the contain the chemical DEET are the longest-acting repellents, according to the New England Journal of Medicine, you may prefer a more natural approach. Although they remain effective only a fraction as long as DEET, natural repellents carry little risk of side effects.

Instructions

1. Take a garlic supplement or eat food with garlic as an ingredient at least an hour before going outside. Garlic is excreted through the pores --- which is why you can smell it on your skin a day after eating it --- and repels flying insects that do not like the smell. Vitamin B has a similar effect on insects. After you consume a supplement or attach a patch to your body, vitamin B is excreted through your pores and repels insects. You, however, cannot smell vitamin B.

2. Plant rosemary and basil plants in your backyard. The strong odors of rosemary and basil repel insects. As a bonus, you also have fresh herbs for cooking year-round. Since this is more of a long-term solution, you need to take steps to protect your plants through the winter.

3. Light citronella candles when outdoors. Citronella oil comes from the citronella plant and has a strong lemony scent that repels insects. Plant a citronella plant in the backyard for long-term protection.

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Identify Small Bugs In A House

Identifying insects correctly helps alleviate unecessary worry.

Many people become very concerned when they discover a new type of insect or bug in their home. Some species, like deer ticks, can be health hazards, and others, such as bed bugs, become costly nuisances. Correctly identifying the insect visitor in your home is important, as many bugs are harmless and there is no need to worry. If the insects you are finding are in fact harmful, then proper identification will ensure that the bugs are dealt with in the appropriate manner. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Catch the bug with a white paper napkin or tissue. Try not to squish it too much so you can examine it properly. Another method is to trap the insect with a piece of masking tape (sticky side facing the bug). Place the tape right on the bug or nearby so it walks on the tape. If you fear grabbing the insect, try placing a clear jar over the bug, or snapping a photo with a digital camera.

2. Check online (see resources below) for an insect identification guide. The online guides ask general questions such as the number of bug legs, color and what region of the nation you live in. Compare your insect with the photos to get a generalized idea of what kind of bug you may have in the home. Use a magnifying glass if the insect is very small.

3. Locate a nearby university entomology department or extension service by searching online or looking in the telephone book. Contact their offices and ask if they are willing to examine your bug. These professionals usually do not come to your home, but are happy to examine insects if you bring them in. Having an expert inspect your bug will give more conclusive results.

4. Place the insect in a clean jar with a lid. It shouldn't matter if the insect is dead or alive, as long as it isn't mangled and can be identified. Use tweezers if the bug is dead, or trap the bug with a jar if alive. Slide a piece of firm paper over the lid of the jar to ensure it can't escape. Remove the paper quickly and pop the lid on when the insect is at the bottom of the jar.

5. Ask the professionals you are bringing the bug to if they prefer it stored in any particular way. For example, they may suggest pouring rubbing alcohol over the insect to preserve it.

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